利用python爬取贝壳网租房信息

前言

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1. 利用lxml中的xpath提取信息

   xpath是一门在 xml文档中查找信息的语言，xpath可用来在 xml 文档中对元素和属性进行遍历。对比正则表达式 re两者可以完成同样的工作，实现的功能也差不多，但xpath明显比re具有优势。具有如下优点：(1)可在xml中查找信息 ；(2)支持html的查找；(3)通过元素和属性进行导航

2. 利用xlsxwriter模块将信息保存只excel

   xlsxwriter是操作excel的库，可以帮助我们高效快速的，大批量的，自动化的操作excel。它可以写数据，画图，完成大部分常用的excel操作。缺点是xlsxwriter 只能创建新文件，不可以修改原有文件，如果创建新文件时与原有文件同名，则会覆盖原有文件。

3. 爬取思路

   观察发现贝壳网租房信息总共是100页，我们可以分每页获取到html代码，然后提取需要的信息保存至字典，将所有页面的信息汇总，最后将字典数据写入excel。

4. 爬虫源代码

import requests
import time
from lxml import etree
import xlsxwriter
'''
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'''
def get_html(page):
    """获取网站html代码"""
    url = "https://bj.zu.ke.com/zufang/pg{}/#contentList".format(page)
    headers = {
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36'
    }
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers).text
    return response


def parse_html(htmlcode, data):
    """解析html代码"""
    content = etree.HTML(htmlcode)
    results = content.xpath('///div[@class="content__article"]/div[1]/div')
    for result in results[:]:
        community = result.xpath('./div[1]/p[@class="content__list--item--title twoline"]/a/text()')[0].replace('\n',
                                                                                                                '').strip().split()[
            0]
        address = "-".join(result.xpath('./div/p[@class="content__list--item--des"]/a/text()'))
        landlord = result.xpath('./div/p[@class="content__list--item--brand oneline"]/text()')[0].replace('\n',
                                                                                                          '').strip() if len(
            result.xpath('./div/p[@class="content__list--item--brand oneline"]/text()')) > 0 else ""
        postime = result.xpath('./div/p[@class="content__list--item--time oneline"]/text()')[0]
        introduction = ",".join(result.xpath('./div/p[@class="content__list--item--bottom oneline"]/i/text()'))
        price = result.xpath('./div/span/em/text()')[0]
        description = "".join(result.xpath('./div/p[2]/text()')).replace('\n', '').replace('-', '').strip().split()
        area = description[0]
        count = len(description)
        if count == 6:
            orientation = description[1] + description[2] + description[3] + description[4]
        elif count == 5:
            orientation = description[1] + description[2] + description[3]
        elif count == 4:
            orientation = description[1] + description[2]
        elif count == 3:
            orientation = description[1]
        else:
            orientation = ""
        pattern = description[-1]
        floor = "".join(result.xpath('./div/p[2]/span/text()')[1].replace('\n', '').strip().split()).strip() if len(
            result.xpath('./div/p[2]/span/text()')) > 1 else ""
        date_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime())
        """数据存入字典"""
        data_dict = {
            "community": community,
            "address": address,
            "landlord": landlord,
            "postime": postime,
            "introduction": introduction,
            "price": '￥' + price,
            "area": area,
            "orientation": orientation,
            "pattern": pattern,
            "floor": floor,
            "date_time": date_time
        }

        data.append(data_dict)


def excel_storage(response):
    """将字典数据写入excel"""
    workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('./beikeHouse.xlsx')
    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
    """设置标题加粗"""
    bold_format = workbook.add_format({'bold': True})
    worksheet.write('A1', '小区名称', bold_format)
    worksheet.write('B1', '租房地址', bold_format)
    worksheet.write('C1', '房屋来源', bold_format)
    worksheet.write('D1', '发布时间', bold_format)
    worksheet.write('E1', '租房说明', bold_format)
    worksheet.write('F1', '房屋价格', bold_format)
    worksheet.write('G1', '房屋面积', bold_format)
    worksheet.write('H1', '房屋朝向', bold_format)
    worksheet.write('I1', '房屋户型', bold_format)
    worksheet.write('J1', '房屋楼层', bold_format)
    worksheet.write('K1', '查看日期', bold_format)

    row = 1
    col = 0
    for item in response:
        worksheet.write_string(row, col, item['community'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 1, item['address'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 2, item['landlord'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 3, item['postime'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 4, item['introduction'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 5, item['price'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 6, item['area'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 7, item['orientation'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 8, item['pattern'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 9, item['floor'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 10, item['date_time'])
        row += 1
    workbook.close()


def main():
    all_datas = []
    """网站总共100页，循环100次"""
    for page in range(1, 100):
        html = get_html(page)
        parse_html(html, all_datas)
    excel_storage(all_datas)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

5. 信息截图