Struts2 自己封装了一套标签,比 JSTL 强大,而且与 Struts2 中的其他功能无缝结合。当然 Strust2 标签的内容很多,随着版本的升级,标签和属性越来越多。我们要掌握好核心标签及了解其他标签;根据功能可以分为:数据标签,控制标签,界面标签,其他标签;
一、数据标签,struts2的数据标签主要分为一下几种
Property 标签:输出 OGNL 表达式的值;
Set 标签:设置变量;
Bean 标签:定义 javaBean 对象;
Date 标签:日期标签;
Url&a 标签:超链接标签;
Include 标签:动态包含标签;
下面分别介绍一下各个标签的用法:
1.property标签在前面使用OGNL获取对象值的时候已经使用过了,这里简单给出使用代码:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<%
request.setAttribute("name","<font color=red>张三</font>");
%>
</head>
<body>
<s:property value="#request.name" /><br/>
<s:property value="#request.name2" default="某某人"/><br/>
<s:property value="#request.name" default="某某人" escapeHtml="false"/><br/>
</body>
</html>
这里在request中保存了一个name对象,name对象的值是一个html表达式。第二种方式中设置了default属性,这个属性的意思是当取不到name2的值的时候,给name2设置默认值;第三个取法中设置了escapeHtml属性,这个属性的意思是“取消Html效果”,这里设置为false就是保留Html效果。程序运行结果为:
2.set标签,用来给变量赋值
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<s:set var="i" value="1"></s:set>
<s:property value="#i" /><br/>
<s:set var="a" value="'action范围的值'" scope="action"></s:set>
<s:set var="p" value="'page范围的值'" scope="page"></s:set>
<s:set var="r" value="'request范围的值'" scope="request"></s:set>
<s:set var="s" value="'session范围的值'" scope="session"></s:set>
<s:set var="app" value="'application范围的值'" scope="application"></s:set>
<s:property value="#a" /><br/>
<s:property value="#attr.p"/><br/>
<s:property value="#request.r"/><br/>
<s:property value="#session.s"/><br/>
<s:property value="#application.app"/><br/>
</body>
</html>
这里分别给变量i、a、p、r、s、app进行了赋值,scope属性指定了变量的作用范围。接下来使用property标签读取这些值。
3.Bean标签,这个标签能够定义javabean对象
3.1新建一个类Student,放在com.test.model包中:
package com.test.model;
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public Student(int id, String name, int age) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
bean标签使用方法为:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<s:bean name="com.test.model.Student" var="student">
<s:param name="name" value="'张三'"></s:param>
<s:param name="age" value="10"></s:param>
</s:bean>
<s:property value="#student.name"/>
<s:property value="#student.age"/>
</body>
</html>
4.date标签,用来显示日期信息
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<%
request.setAttribute("date",new Date());
%>
</head>
<body>
${date }<br/>
当前日期:<s:date name="#request.date" format="yyyy-MM-dd"/>
</body>
</html>
这里把一个日期信息保存在了request中,并分别使用el表达式和date标签来显示这个日期。程序运行效果为:
5.Url&a 标签:超链接标签
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<s:url action="hello" namespace="/foreground" id="h">
<s:param name="name" value="'struts2'"></s:param>
</s:url>
<s:a href="%{h}">超链接</s:a>
<s:a action="hello" namespace="/foreground">
<s:param name="name" value="'struts2'"></s:param>
超链接2
</s:a>
</body>
</html>
这里使用了两种标签,第一种是使用了url和a组合完成超链接的功能,第二种是单独使用a标签完成超链接功能。
6.Include 标签:动态包含标签,能够在页面中动态的包含其它的页面。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<s:include value="head.html"></s:include>
</body>
</html>
二、控制标签,struts2的控制标签主要有一下几种
Ifelse 标签:条件判断标签;
Iterator 标签:遍历标签;
Append 标签:叠加标签;
Generator 标签:分隔标签;
Merge 标签:组合标签;
Sort 标签:排序标签;
Subset 标签:截取标签;
1.ifelse标签,条件判断标签:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<%
int age=11;
request.setAttribute("age",age);
%>
</head>
<body>
<s:if test="#request.age<20">
年龄小于20岁
</s:if>
<s:elseif test="#request.age==20">
年龄等于20岁
</s:elseif>
<s:else>
年龄大于20岁
</s:else>
</body>
</html>
这里定义了一个age对象,使用ifelse标签对age的大小进行判断并输出其值。
2.Iterator 标签:遍历标签;
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="com.test.model.Student" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<%
List<Student> studentList=new ArrayList<Student>();
studentList.add(new Student(1,"张三",10));
studentList.add(new Student(3,"李四",20));
studentList.add(new Student(5,"王五",30));
request.setAttribute("studentList",studentList);
%>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
</tr>
<s:iterator value="#request.studentList" status="status">
<tr>
<td><s:property value="#status.index+1"/></td>
<td><s:property value="id"/></td>
<td><s:property value="name"/></td>
<td><s:property value="age"/></td>
</tr>
</s:iterator>
</table>
</body>
</html>
这里定义了一个List类型的studentList对象,使用iterator标签来遍历输出其中的元素。
3.Generator 标签:分隔标签,作用与Java中的split函数差不多
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<s:generator separator="," val="'张三,李四,王五'" var="nameList"></s:generator>
<s:iterator value="#nameList">
<s:property/>
</s:iterator>
</body>
</html>
这里使用generator标签把以逗号分隔的字符串变量,并使用iterator标签把这些字符串输出。
4.Sort 标签:排序标签;
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="com.test.model.Student" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<%
List<Student> studentList1=new ArrayList<Student>();
studentList1.add(new Student(1,"张三",20));
studentList1.add(new Student(3,"李四",10));
studentList1.add(new Student(5,"王五",40));
studentList1.add(new Student(7,"赵六",30));
request.setAttribute("studentList1",studentList1);
%>
</head>
<body>
<s:bean id="myComparator" name="com.test.comparator.MyComparator"></s:bean>
<table>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
</tr>
<s:sort comparator="#myComparator" source="#request.studentList1" >
<s:iterator status="status">
<tr>
<td><s:property value="#status.index+1"/></td>
<td><s:property value="id"/></td>
<td><s:property value="name"/></td>
<td><s:property value="age"/></td>
</tr>
</s:iterator>
</s:sort>
</table>
</body>
</html>
这里定义了一个List集合对象,使用sort标签对List中的对象按照年龄排序排序输出。这里需要使用的一个比较器,我们定义一个比较器如下:
package com.test.comparator;
import java.util.Comparator;
import com.test.model.Student;
public class MyComparator implements Comparator<Student>{
public int compare(Student s1, Student s2) {
if(s1.getAge()>s2.getAge()){
return 1;
}else if(s1.getAge()<s2.getAge()){
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
}
程序运行结果为:
5.Subset 标签:截取标签
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="com.test.model.Student" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<%
List<Student> studentList1=new ArrayList<Student>();
studentList1.add(new Student(1,"张三",20));
studentList1.add(new Student(3,"李四",10));
studentList1.add(new Student(5,"王五",40));
studentList1.add(new Student(7,"赵六",30));
request.setAttribute("studentList1",studentList1);
%>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
</tr>
<s:subset source="#request.studentList1" count="2" start="2">
<s:iterator status="status">
<tr>
<td><s:property value="#status.index+1"/></td>
<td><s:property value="id"/></td>
<td><s:property value="name"/></td>
<td><s:property value="age"/></td>
</tr>
</s:iterator>
</s:subset>
</table>
</body>
</html>
这里使用subset标签截取studentList1中从索引2开始的2个元素值输出