Django构建一个Blog入门例子

 1、创建项目文件。windows下，在cmd中，进入Django项目存放的目录下,比如在D盘符中,取名为mysite，进入D盘，输入：
        python django-admin.py startproject mysite
        可以看到在D盘中新生成了一个Django项目文件名为mysite，文件中包含
        __init__.py # 在python中，__init__.py文件说明此项目目录为一个python包
        manage.py   # Django管理工具使用manage.py help查看其使用方法
        settings.py # 项目的默认配置，放置的一些静态变量
        urls.py     # 配置django URL映射
    2、启动服务器。在此目录下,输入：
        python ./manage.py runserver # 启动Django
        输入127.0.0.1：8000即可看到It‘s working字样
    3、创建项目web应用文件。输入：
        python ./manage.py startapp blog
        可以看到在mysite下新建了一个blog文件，文件包含
        __init__.py # 视为一个python包
        models.py   # 编写django数据类，创建数据库等
        views.py    # 编写视图函数，从数据中获取数据显示，映射到模板
    4、在models.py中输入：
        from django.db import models
        from django.contrib import admin
       
        class BlogPost(models.Model):
            title=models.CharField(max_length=150)
            body=models.TextField()
            timestamp=models.DateTimeField()
    5、设置数据库，这里以SQLite3为例，在settings.py设置：
   
        DATABASE_ENGINE = 'sqlite3'           # 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'postgresql', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
        DATABASE_NAME = r'D:/djangoapp/db/blog.db'             # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
        DATABASE_USER = ''             # Not used with sqlite3.
        DATABASE_PASSWORD = ''         # Not used with sqlite3.
        DATABASE_HOST = ''             # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
        DATABASE_PORT = ''             # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
    6、重启启动Django服务器(python ./manage.py runserver),使用：
        python ./manage.py syncdb # 因为Django数据库是ORM对象关系映射,通过models.py定义的类，创建数据库对应表
        创建数据库，过程中会提示设置Django admin后台超级管理员用户和密码，用户名输入email
    7、设置启动自动admin应用后台，在settings.py中：
        LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-CN'
       
        INSTALLED_APPS = (
            'django.contrib.auth',
            'django.contrib.admin',
            'django.contrib.contenttypes',
            'django.contrib.sessions',
            'django.contrib.sites',
            'mysite.blog',
        )
        在目录中输入:
        python ./manage.py syncdb
        创建django_admin_log表
        修改urls.py，去掉注释：
        # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
        (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),       
    8、修改models.py，在admin注册models
        from django.db import models
        from django.contrib import admin
       
        class BlogPost(models.Model): #继承Django models
            title=models.CharField(max_length=150)
            body=models.TextField()
            timestamp=models.DateTimeField()
       
        admin.site.register(BlogPost)
    9、在127.0.0.1:8000/admin/，输入刚设置admin用户名和密码
        在blog posts中填加数据.
    10、定制admin后台，添加BlogPostAdmin修改models.py，并在admin中注册：
        from django.db import models
        from django.contrib import admin
       
        class BlogPost(models.Model):
            title=models.CharField(max_length=150)
            body=models.TextField()
            timestamp=models.DateTimeField()
       
        class BlogPostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
            list_display=('title','timestamp')
       
        admin.site.register(BlogPost,BlogPostAdmin)
    11、建立template模板
        在mysite/themes/default/templates/archive.html,使用Django模板块标签，他将模板渲染到序列中的每个元素
        {% extends "base.html" %}
        {% block content %}
        {% for post in posts %}
        <h2>{{post.title}}</h2>
        <p>{{post.timestamp|date:"F j, Y"}}</p>
        <p>{{post.body}}</p>
        {% endfor %}
        {% endblock %}
        在 base.html，html标签加入:
        {% block content %}
        {% endblock %}
    12、修改view.py，编写视图函数，渲染模板：
        # Create your views here.
        from django.template import loader, Context
        from django.http import HttpResponse
        from mysite.blog.models import BlogPost
       
        def archive(request):
            posts=BlogPost.objects.all()
            t=loader.get_template("archive.html")
            c=Context({'posts':posts})
            return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
       
    13、激活blog url映射，在mysite/urls.py
        urlpatterns = patterns('',
            # Example:
            # (r'^mysite/', include('mysite.foo.urls')),
       
            # Uncomment the admin/doc line below and add 'django.contrib.admindocs'
            # to INSTALLED_APPS to enable admin documentation:
            # (r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),
           
            # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
            (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
            (r'^blog/', include('mysite.blog.urls')), #添加映射
            (r'^themes/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve',
                {'document_root': os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + '/themes/'}),    
        )
       
        # (r'^themes/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static。。。因为Django外部调用css无效，需要通过url映射进行调用，此映射到项目静态文件
          如base.html中<link href="/themes/default/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
          通过映射，/themes/便会匹配到mysite/themes/目录下，即可成功加载css文件
       
        创建mysite/blog/urls.py
        #coding=utf-8
        from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
        from mysite.blog.views import archive # 导入视图函数
       
        # 映射URL
        urlpatterns=patterns('',
            (r'^$',archive),
        )
        输入http://127.0.0.1:8000/mysite/blog
        即可看到文章显示
        在base.html中使用了一个免费的css模板，文章参考Django开发指南例子，本人初涉Django，有不足之处望指教，共勉共进！

 

源码下载 mysite.rar