hibernate3之helloword

hibernate是什么就不说了   这里就说怎么用吧

一、首先建工程，然后导入以下几个基本包（1是hibernate基本包，2是hibernate-annotation包，3是mysql数据库包）：

1：  hibernate3.jar      (hibernate3的核心包)

antlr-2.7.6.jar (语言转换工,Hibernate利用它实现 HQL 到 SQL的转换)

commons-collections-3.1.jar   (Apache Commons 包中的一个，包含了一些Apache开发的集合类，功能比java.utils.*功能强大，必须使用的jar)

dom4j-1.6.1.jar   (dom4j是一个java的 XML API，类似于jdom，用来读写xml文件，这是必须的jar，Hibernate用它来读写配置文件，必须使用的jar)

javassist-3.9.0.GA.jar  (语言转换工,Hibernate利用它实现 HQL 到 SQL的转换)

jta-1.1.jar   (java Transaction API (JTA) 规范的包，是指定事务和事务处理和分布式事务处理系统之间的标准，JAVA接口，包括资源管理，应用服务，和事务应用程序。)

slf4j-api-1.5.8.jar    各种日志的接口

slf4j-log4j12-1.5.8.jar   使用slf4j对log4j日志的实现，也可以使用别的，替换了这个就行

log4j-1.2.14.jar  log4j日志包

2.    hibernate与annotation结合的包（如果用XML配置的话可以不用加）：

ejb3-persistence.jar  

hibernate-annotations.jar

hibernate-commons-annotations.jar

3.    mysql-connector-java-5.1.18-bin.jar   （链接mysql的驱动包）

二、在mysql数据库里建立数据库表

create database hibernate;

use hibernate;

create table student(id int,name varchar(20),age int);

三、建立Model（student）对象类

public class Student {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private int age;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
}

四、接下来就是比较重要的hibernate配置文件了：

1.在src目录下（这是默认路径）建立hibernate.cfg.xml  

2.从hibernate的文档里找到以下默认配置并粘贴

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <!-- Database connection settings 数据源配置-->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost</property>
        <property name="connection.username">sa</property>
        <property name="connection.password"></property>

        <!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) 连接池 hibernate自带的连接池一般不用  项目开发中经常用到的是application server本身用JNDI注册在里面的连接池-->
        <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>
        <!-- SQL dialect 数据库方言 有Oracle方言  mysql方言  sql_server方言等等 比如mysql分页用的是limit  oracle分页用的是三层嵌套-->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect</property>
        <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management 事务管理  默认是thread（局部事务）  还可以用全局事务jta一般在多个不同数据库操作才用到-->
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
        <!-- Disable the second-level cache  二级缓存-->
        <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>
        <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout 打印sql语句出来-->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup hibernate自动生成建表语句-->
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        <mapping resource="org/hibernate/tutorial/domain/Event.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration><pre name="code" class="html">

3.更改配置信息如下：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <!-- Database connection settings -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate</property>
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">root</property>
        
        
        <!-- SQL dialect 方言-->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
        
        <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> 
        
        <!-- Disable the second-level cache  -->
        <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>
        
        <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        
        <!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup -->
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        <mapping resource="com/wy/model/Student.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

4.在student同目录下建立Student.hbm.xml配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.wy.model">
<class name="Student" table="student" dynamic-update="true">
        <id name="id" column="id">
        </id>
       <property name="name"  />
       <property name="age"  />
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

5.在src目录下建立log4j.properties日志配置文件：

### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c:%L - %m%n

### direct messages to file hibernate.log ###
#log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
#log4j.appender.file.File=hibernate.log
#log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###

log4j.rootLogger=warn, stdout

#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=info
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=debug

### log HQL query parser activity
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.hql.ast.AST=debug

### log just the SQL
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.SQL=debug

### log JDBC bind parameters ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=info
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=debug

### log schema export/update ###
log4j.logger.org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl=debug

### log HQL parse trees
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.hql=debug

### log cache activity ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.cache=debug

### log transaction activity
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.transaction=debug

### log JDBC resource acquisition
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.jdbc=debug

### enable the following line if you want to track down connection ###
### leakages when using DriverManagerConnectionProvider ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider=trace

五、测试

1.建立测试类test，注意包别导错了：

package com.wy.common;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.wy.model.*;

public class StudentTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Student s=new Student();
		s.setId(1);
		s.setName("wy");
		s.setAge(24);
		Configuration  cfg=new Configuration();//获取hibernate配置信息,默认在src下找hibernate.cfg.xml
		SessionFactory sf=cfg.configure().buildSessionFactory();//构建session工厂（线程安全，资源占用大）
		Session session=sf.openSession();//产生一个session（线程不安全，占用资源少）
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>//openSession永远产生一个新的session；getCurrentSession()如果上下文有则使用原有的session,没有的话再产生一个新的session;
		session.beginTransaction();//开启事务管理
		session.save(s);//存入内存
		session.getTransaction().commit();//同步数据库，持久化（也就是存入数据库）
		session.close();//关闭session
		sf.close();//关闭session工厂
	}
}

2.run as  JAVA APPLICATION  成功;

10:09:14,959  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:155 - Running hbm2ddl schema update
10:09:14,961  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:167 - fetching database metadata
10:09:14,962  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:179 - updating schema
10:09:14,982  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:65 - table found: hibernate.student
10:09:14,982  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:66 - columns: [id, age, name]
10:09:14,982  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:68 - foreign keys: []
10:09:14,982  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:69 - indexes: []
10:09:14,983  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:217 - schema update complete
Hibernate: insert into student (name, age, id) values (?, ?, ?)

六、现在使用annotation配置：

1.建立model(Teacher)类：

package com.wy.model;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
public class Teacher {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private String title;
	
	
	@Id
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getTitle() {
		return title;
	}
	public void setTitle(String title) {
		this.title = title;
	}
	
}

需要注意的是@Entity 是实体类  ，@Id是主键 

2.在hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件里加上类的引入：

        <mapping class="com.wy.model.Teacher"/>

注意：teacher类用的是annotation，用了annotation就不用Teacher.cfg.xml；student用的XML配置用以下，注意区别

        <mapping resource="com/wzy/model/Student.hbm.xml"/>

3.创建数据库teacher表：

create table teacher（id int，name varcher(20),title varcher(20));

4.创建测试类：

package com.wy.common;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.wy.model.*;

public class StudentTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Teacher s=new Teacher();
		s.setId(4);
		s.setName("wy");
		s.setTitle("中级");
		Configuration  cfg=new AnnotationConfiguration();
		SessionFactory sf=cfg.configure().buildSessionFactory();
		Session session=sf.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		session.save(s);
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
		sf.close();
		
	}
}

注意：new的是AnnotationConfiguration()；

5.run as  JAVA APPLICATION  成功;

10:46:40,137  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:155 - Running hbm2ddl schema update
10:46:40,138  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:167 - fetching database metadata
10:46:40,139  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:179 - updating schema
10:46:40,158  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:65 - table found: hibernate.teacher
10:46:40,158  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:66 - columns: [id, title, name]
10:46:40,158  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:68 - foreign keys: []
10:46:40,158  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:69 - indexes: []
10:46:40,171  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:65 - table found: hibernate.student
10:46:40,172  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:66 - columns: [id, age, name]
10:46:40,172  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:68 - foreign keys: []
10:46:40,172  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:69 - indexes: [primary]
10:46:40,173  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:217 - schema update complete
Hibernate: insert into Teacher (name, title, id) values (?, ?, ?)