我们在springmvc中有讲过处理全局异常,当然,springboot也是有全局异常处理的。
一. 自定义 处理常见的404和 505 页面。
例如,我们输入了一个程序中不存在的路径,那么会跳转到404找不到的界面。
输入: http://localhost:8080/j/show1
其实,springboot中还自带有自定义处理404.html和500.html异常。
只需要在resources/templates目录下放入error.html就可以进行页面自定义跳转,
但前提是需要有前章的渲染模板开启,要么是thymeleaf模板。
如果想精准定位到404.html或者505html的状态码,那么需要在resources/templates下再新建一个error文件包,放入404.html和500.html
二. 重写 自定义异常处理 :BasicErrorController
我们可以去继承 BasicErrorController 类, 去重写方法 。 来 定制自己需要的404页面
ErrorPageController.java :
其中,errorMap 中有5个属性:
timestamp:时间戳
status : 状态 404
error :错误 not found
message: 信息 no message
path : 路径 错误路径
package com.SpringBoot.demo.error;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorViewResolver;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.ErrorAttributes;
public class ErrorPageController extends BasicErrorController {
public ErrorPageController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes, ErrorProperties errorProperties,
List<ErrorViewResolver> errorViewResolvers) {
super(errorAttributes, errorProperties, errorViewResolvers);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
protected Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(HttpServletRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Map<String, Object> errorMap = super.getErrorAttributes(request, includeStackTrace);
errorMap.remove("message");
errorMap.remove("path");
return errorMap;
}
}
重写之后,我们需要去配置下,就是替换spring中的全局异常处理功能。
ErrorConfiguration.java:
package com.springboot.demo.SpringBootDemoProject.error;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorViewResolver;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.ErrorAttributes;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class ErrorConfiguration {
@Bean
public ErrorPageController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes,
ServerProperties serverProperties,
ObjectProvider<List<ErrorViewResolver>> errorViewResolversProvider) {
return new ErrorPageController(errorAttributes, serverProperties.getError(),
errorViewResolversProvider.getIfAvailable());
}
}
三. 在springmvc中经常使用的 例外异常处理: @ControllerAdvice + @ExceptionHandler
比如,你想处理空指针、找不到类等异常:
MyExceptionHandler.java: 使用注解配置下 NullPointerException 异常
package com.SpringBoot.demo.error;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {
@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exp(Exception ex) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("errorInfo", ex.getMessage());
if(ex instanceof NullPointerException) {
modelAndView.setViewName("error/error_null");
}else {
modelAndView.setViewName("error/error_other");
}
return modelAndView;
}
}
跳转页面:
error_null.jsp:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>error_null title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>error_null . NullPointerException</h1>
</body>
</html>
error_other.jsp:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>error_null . NullPointerException</h1>
</body>
</html>
空指针异常测试控制层:
package com.SpringBoot.demo.error;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("e")
public class ErrorTestController {
@RequestMapping("show")
public String show(ModelMap model) {
String str = null;
str.charAt(0);
//String[] str = {"22", "33"}; String ss = str[2];
return "thymeleaf";
}
}
测试结果:
总结,只需要这么一个文件,就会对整个项目的所有NullPointerException 异常进行捕获拦截,跳转到自己定义的异常页面
当然,像这种 @ControllerAdvice + @ExceptionHandler的方式,也能分开跳转页面:
@ExceptionHandler(NullPointerException.class) 指定例外异常即可,其他异常会跳转到未指定的异常中
package com.SpringBoot.demo.error;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {
/*@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exp(Exception ex) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("errorInfo", ex.getMessage());
if(ex instanceof NullPointerException) {
modelAndView.setViewName("error/error_null");
}else {
modelAndView.setViewName("error/error_other");
}
return modelAndView;
}*/
@ExceptionHandler(NullPointerException.class)
public ModelAndView exp(Exception ex) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("errorInfo", ex.getMessage());
modelAndView.setViewName("error/error_null");
return modelAndView;
}
@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exp1(Exception ex) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("errorInfo", ex.getMessage());
modelAndView.setViewName("error/error_other");
return modelAndView;
}
}
四. SimpleMappingExceptionResolver全局异常处理
MySimpleMappingExceptionResolver.java :
此类也为一个配置类,需要使用@Configuration进行配置到spring容器中, 使用的类是SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
Properties : 配置文件,用于保存异常信息和异常界面
package com.SpringBoot.demo.error;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver;
@Configuration
public class MySimpleMappingExceptionResolver {
@Bean
public SimpleMappingExceptionResolver getSimpleMappingExceptionResolver() {
SimpleMappingExceptionResolver simpleMappingExceptionResolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.put("java.lang.NullPointerException", "error/error_null");
simpleMappingExceptionResolver.setDefaultErrorView("error/error_other");
simpleMappingExceptionResolver.setExceptionMappings(properties);
return simpleMappingExceptionResolver;
}
}
我们还是通过:
ErrorTestController.java进行测试
package com.SpringBoot.demo.error;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("e")
public class ErrorTestController {
@RequestMapping("show")
public String show(ModelMap model) {
String str = null;
str.charAt(0);
//String[] str = {"22", "33"}; String ss = str[2];
return "thymeleaf";
}
}
测试过程中需要把其他的配置文件屏蔽。测试成功跳转到了nullpointerException.
五. 实现mvc中的 HandlerExceptionResolver 处理器
通过实现:HandlerExceptionResolver接口 ,去重写resolveException方法
package com.SpringBoot.demo.error;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Configuration
public class MyHandlerExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
Exception ex) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("errorInfo", ex.getMessage());
if(ex instanceof NullPointerException) {
modelAndView.setViewName("error/error_null");
}else {
modelAndView.setViewName("error/error_other");
}
return modelAndView;
}
}
实现效果一样