Java学习九,字符串和集合

1.字符串

   1.1 String常用的方法

              

 实际的使用:

package com_imooc.zifu;

public class string_test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String t = "JAVA 编程 基础 学习,I LOVE JAVA";

        //1.字符串的位置和数组一样是从0开始的;
        System.out.println("字符串的长度是:" + t.length());
        System.out.println("'编'第一次出现的位置:" + t.indexOf('编'));
        System.out.println("从字符9开始,查找'J'第一次出现的位置:" + t.indexOf("A", 9));
        System.out.println("'A'最后一次出现的位置:" + t.lastIndexOf('A'));
        System.out.println("取出字符中8号位置对应的值:" + t.charAt(8));
        System.out.println("从字符中8号位置开始,截取字符串值:" + t.substring(8));
        System.out.println("从字符中1号位置开始,截取到8号位置,获取的字符值:" + t.substring(1, 8));

        //2.字符串和Byte数组
        //字符串-->Byte数组的转化
        byte[] arr = t.getBytes();
        for (byte v : arr) {
            System.out.println(v);
        }

        //Byte数组-->字符串的转化
        String t1 = new String(arr);
        System.out.println("转化结果是:" + t1);

        //3.==和equals()的区别
        String i = "I LOVE JAVA";
        String i1 = "I LOVE JAVA";
        String i2 = new String("I LOVE JAVA");
        //equals指的是字符是否相等
        System.out.println("i和i1是否相等:" + i.equals(i1));
        System.out.println("i和i2是否相等:" + i.equals(i2));
        //==指的是全等(包括内存空间,指针等)
        System.out.println("i和i1是否==:" + (i == i1));
        System.out.println("i和i2是否==:" + (i == i2));
    }
}

1.2 StringBuilder

    string和stringBuilder的区别

               

     stringBuffer和stringBuilder的区别

              

代码:

package com_imooc.zifu;

public class string_test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //4.stringbuilder
        StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder("你好");
        //追加
        sb.append("1212121212");
        System.out.println("字符的结果是:"+sb);

        //插入
        sb.insert(4,"我是加入的");
        System.out.println("在4号位置加入:"+sb);

        //替换
        sb.replace(2,8,"我是插入的,啦啦啦!");
        System.out.println("替换2到8号位置:"+sb);

        //截取
        String bb= sb.substring(2,4);
        System.out.println("截取2到4号的字符:"+bb);

        //删除
        sb.delete(2,sb.length());
        System.out.println("删除2号字符到最后:"+sb);

    }
}

2.集合

    集合的分类:

                 

2.1 List(列表)

          

我们先学习ArrayList的方法:

                

package com_imooc.jihe;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Arraylist_test {
    public static void bianli(List l) {
        for (Object v : l) {
            System.out.println(" " + v);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List l = new ArrayList();
        //添加
        l.add("Java");
        l.add("C");
        l.add("C++");
        l.add("Go");
        l.add("Swift");
        System.out.println("列表的元素个数:" + l.size());
        System.out.println("========================");

        //插入
        l.addAll(2, Collections.singleton("我什么也不会的"));  //可以插入其他的list
        l.add(4, "这是什么鬼");      //只能插入单个数据

        //获取
        Object l1 = l.get(1);
        System.out.println("获取的元素是:" + l1);
        System.out.println("========================");

        //替换
        l.set(1, "CCC");

        //遍历
        System.out.println("首次遍历:");
        bianli(l);  //自己的遍历发那个发
        System.out.println(((ArrayList) l).clone());    //提供的遍历方法
        System.out.println("========================");

        //移除
        l.remove(1);    //删除序号为1的元素
        l.remove("C++");    //删除指定的元素
        System.out.println("删除后的list:");
        bianli(l);
        System.out.println("========================");

        //判断list是否为空
        System.out.println("不为空:" + !l.isEmpty());
        System.out.println("========================");
    }
}

2.2 Set(集)

            

package com_imooc.jihe;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

public class Hashset_test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Set<String> s = new HashSet<String>();
        //添加
        s.add("blue");
        s.add("red");
        s.add("black");
        s.add("yellow");
        s.add("white");

        //迭代(遍历)
        Iterator rel = s.iterator();
        while (rel.hasNext()) {
            System.out.println(" " + rel.next());
        }

        System.out.println("=========================");

        for (String v:s){
            System.out.println(v);
        }

        //删除
        s.remove("red");

        //展示内容
        Object ss = ((HashSet) s).clone();
        System.out.println(ss);
    }
}

运用实例:

创建cat.java

package com_imooc.jihe;

import java.util.Objects;

public class cat {
    private String name;
    private String pingzhong;
    private int age;

    public cat(String name, String pingzhong, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.pingzhong = pingzhong;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPingzhong() {
        return pingzhong;
    }

    public void setPingzhong(String pingzhong) {
        this.pingzhong = pingzhong;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "名称:'" + name + '\'' +
                ", 品种:'" + pingzhong + '\'' +
                ", 年龄:" + age;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
        cat cat = (cat) o;
        return age == cat.age &&
                Objects.equals(name, cat.name) &&
                Objects.equals(pingzhong, cat.pingzhong);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(name, pingzhong, age);
    }
}

实现curl的功能

package com_imooc.jihe;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

public class Hashset_anli {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        cat c1 = new cat("花花", "中华天原猫", 1);
        cat c2 = new cat("芳芳", "英国短毛猫", 2);

        Set<cat> h = new HashSet<cat>();
        h.add(c1);
        h.add(c2);

        //1.遍历(需要在cat类中使用totring方法)
        Iterator<cat> rel = h.iterator();
        while (rel.hasNext()) {
            System.out.println(rel.next());
        }

        System.out.println("===================================");

        //2.添加一个和花花一样的类c3
        //在重写hashCode和equals以后避免重复
        cat c3 = new cat("花花", "中华天原猫", 1);
        h.add(c3);
        Iterator<cat> re = h.iterator();
        while (re.hasNext()) {
            System.out.println(re.next());
        }
        System.out.println(((HashSet<cat>) h).clone());

        System.out.println("===================================");

        //3.查找
        //先判断是否存在于集合中
        if (h.contains(c1)) {
            System.out.println("花花找到了");
        } else {
            System.out.println("花花不在我这里");
        }
        Iterator<cat> r = h.iterator();
        while (r.hasNext()) {
            cat cc = r.next();
            if (cc.getName().equals("花花")) {
                System.out.println("可爱的花花,他是:" + cc.getPingzhong());
            }
        }

        //4.删除一
        //break必须写,否则会因为删除过后size的大小不一,而导致报错;
        for (cat v : h) {
            if (v.getName().equals("花花")) {
                h.remove(v);
                break;
            }
        }
        System.out.println(((HashSet<cat>) h).clone());


        //删除二
        Set<cat> hh = new HashSet<cat>();
        for (cat v : h) {
            if (v.getAge() < 10) {
                hh.add(v);
            }
        }
        h.removeAll(hh);    //批量删除
    }
}

2.3 Map

    Map的定义:

         

    我们这里讨论的是HashMap:

         

package com_imooc.jihe;

import java.util.*;

public class Hashmap_test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<String, String> m = new HashMap<String, String>();

        //map值的添加
        m.put("a", "aaaaaaaaaa");
        m.put("b", "bbbbbbbbbb");
        m.put("c", "cccccccccc");

        //map的删除
        m.remove("a");

        //map的修改
        m.put("b", "dddddddd");

        //map的查找
        String rel = m.get("c");
        System.out.println(rel);

        //遍历1(赋值后打印输出)
        System.out.println(((HashMap<String, String>) m).clone());
        System.out.println(m.values()); //获取values值
        System.out.println(m.keySet()); //获取key值

        System.out.println("==========================");

        //遍历2(输出key和values(过于复杂,不推荐))
        Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> ss = m.entrySet();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> v : ss) {
            System.out.print(v.getKey() + ":");
            System.out.println(v.getValue());
        }

        System.out.println("==========================");

        //遍历3(通过get()和keyset()获取key和values(推荐方式))
        Set<String> sm = m.keySet();
        for (String v : sm) {
            System.out.print(v + ":");
            System.out.println(m.get(v));
        }

        System.out.println("==========================");

        //遍历4(通过迭代器)
        Iterator<String> ismap=m.values().iterator();
        while (ismap.hasNext()){
            System.out.println(ismap.next());
        }

    }
}