Java - 枚举

1. 基础知识

// 创建枚举 enum
enum Apple {
    // 枚举常量：
    Jonathan, GoldenDel, RedDel, Winesap, Cortland
}

class EnumDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 将 ap 声明为 Apple 枚举类型的变量：（不能使用new实例化）
        Apple ap;
        // 赋值
        // 只能别赋值为（或包含）在 Apple 枚举中定义的值
        ap = Apple.RedDel;

        System.out.println("ap的值为：" + ap);
        System.out.println();

        ap = Apple.GoldenDel;
        // 比较相等性
        if (ap == Apple.GoldenDel)
            System.out.println("ap contains GoldenDel.\n");

        // 输出枚举常量的名称
        System.out.println(Apple.Winesap);
        System.out.println();

        switch (ap) {
            case Jonathan:
                System.out.println("Jonathan is red.");
                break;
            case GoldenDel:
                System.out.println("Golden Delicious is yellow.");
                break;
            case RedDel:
                System.out.println("Red Delicious is red.");
                break;
            case Winesap:
                System.out.println("Winesap is red.");
                break;
            case Cortland:
                System.out.println("Cortland is red.");
                break;
        }
    }
}

Output:
ap的值为：RedDel

ap contains GoldenDel.

Winesap

Golden Delicious is yellow.

 

2. values() 和 valueOf() 方法

一般形式：
public static enum-type[] values()
public static enum-type valueOf(String str)

enum Apple {
    Jonathan, GoldenDel, RedDel, Winesap, Cortland
}

public class EnumDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Apple ap;
        System.out.println("Apple的全部常量：");

        // values()方法返回一个包含枚举常量列表的数组
        Apple[] allapples = Apple.values();
        for (Apple a : allapples) {
            System.out.println(a);
        }
        // 以上等价于：
        // for (Apple a : Apple.values())
        System.out.println();
        // valueOf()方法返回与传入参数str的字符串相对应的枚举常量
        ap = Apple.valueOf("Winesap");
        System.out.println("ap contains " + ap);
    }
}

 

3. Java 枚举是类类型

enum Apple {
    // 没有为RedDel提供参数，会调用默认构造函数
    Jonathan(10), GoldenDel(9), RedDel, Winesap(15), Cortland(8);
    private int price;
    // 构造函数
    Apple(int p) {
        price = p;
    }

    // 默认构造函数
    Apple() {
        price = -1;
    }
    
    int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
}

public class EnumDemo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Apple ap;
        System.out.println("Winesap costs " + Apple.Winesap.getPrice() + " cents.\n");
        System.out.println("All apple prices:");
        for (Apple a : Apple.values())
            System.out.println(a + " costs " + a.getPrice() + " cents.");
    }
}

Output:
Winesap costs 15 cents.

All apple prices:
Jonathan costs 10 cents.
GoldenDel costs 9 cents.
RedDel costs -1 cents.
Winesap costs 15 cents.
Cortland costs 8 cents.

限制：

1. 枚举不能继承其他类
2. 枚举不能是超类
3. 每个枚举常量都是定义它的类的对象

 

4. 枚举继承自Enum类

• 所有枚举自动继承超类 java.lang.Enum
• final int ordinal()
final int compareTo(enum-type e)
equals()

enum Apple {
    Jonathan, GoldenDel, RedDel, Winesap, Cortland
}

public class EnumDemo4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Apple ap, ap2, ap3;

        System.out.println("Here are all apple constants" + " and their ordinal values: ");
        for (Apple a : Apple.values())
            // final int ordinal() 获取用于只是枚举常量再常量列表中位置的值，被称为枚举常量的序数值
            System.out.println(a + " " + a.ordinal());

        ap = Apple.RedDel;
        ap2 = Apple.GoldenDel;
        ap3 = Apple.RedDel;

        System.out.println();

        // final int compareTo(enum-type e) 比较相同类型的两个枚举常量的序数值
        if (ap.compareTo(ap2) < 0)
            System.out.println(ap + " comes before " + ap2);

        if (ap.compareTo(ap2) > 0)
            System.out.println(ap2 + " comes before " + ap);

        if (ap.compareTo(ap3) == 0)
            System.out.println(ap + " equals " + ap3);

        System.out.println();

        // equals() 比较枚举常量和其他对象的相等性
        // 只有当两个对象都引用同一个枚举中的相同常量时，才相等
        if (ap.equals(ap2))
            System.out.println("Error!");

        if (ap.equals(ap3))
            System.out.println(ap + " equals " + ap3);

        // == 比较两个枚举引用的相等性
        if(ap == ap3)
            System.out.println(ap + " == " + ap3);
    }
}

Output:
Here are all apple constants and their ordinal values: 
Jonathan 0
GoldenDel 1
RedDel 2
Winesap 3
Cortland 4

GoldenDel comes before RedDel
RedDel equals RedDel

RedDel equals RedDel
RedDel == RedDel

 

5. 决策生成器

import java.util.Random;

enum Answers {
    NO, YES, MAYBE, LATER, SOON, NEVER
}

class Question {
    Random rand = new Random();
    Answers ask() {
        int prob = (int) (100*rand.nextDouble());

        if (prob<15)
            return Answers.MAYBE;
        else if (prob<30)
            return Answers.NO;
        else if (prob<60)
            return Answers.YES;
        else if (prob<75)
            return Answers.LATER;
        else if (prob<98)
            return Answers.SOON;
        else
            return Answers.NEVER;
    }
}

public class AskMe {
    static void answer (Answers result) {
        switch(result) {
            case NO:
                System.out.println("No");
                break;
            case YES:
                System.out.println("Yes");
                break;
            case MAYBE:
                System.out.println("Maybe");
                break;
            case LATER:
                System.out.println("Later");
                break;
            case SOON:
                System.out.println("Soon");
                break;
            case NEVER:
                System.out.println("Never");
                break;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Question q = new Question();
        answer(q.ask());
        answer(q.ask());
        answer(q.ask());
        answer(q.ask());
    }
}