本文介绍maven镜像和仓库的用法。
加快速度的配置
settings.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!--
| This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
|
| 1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,
| and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.
|
| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
|
| -s /path/to/user/settings.xml
|
| 2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven
| users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven
| installation). It's normally provided in
| ${maven.conf}/settings.xml.
|
| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
|
| -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml
|
| The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at
| getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default
| values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
|
|-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
<!-- localRepository
| The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
|
| Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
<localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
-->
<localRepository>E:\work\develop_env\maven\repository\</localRepository>
<!-- interactiveMode
| This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
| maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
| the parameter in question.
|
| Default: true
<interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
-->
<!-- offline
| Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
| This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
|
| Default: false
<offline>false</offline>
-->
<!-- pluginGroups
| This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.
| when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
| "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.
|-->
<pluginGroups>
<!-- pluginGroup
| Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
<pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
-->
</pluginGroups>
<!-- proxies
| This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
| Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
| specification in this list marked as active will be used.
|-->
<proxies>
<!-- proxy
| Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
|
<proxy>
<id>optional</id>
<active>true</active>
<protocol>http</protocol>
<username>proxyuser</username>
<password>proxypass</password>
<host>proxy.host.net</host>
<port>80</port>
<nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
</proxy>
-->
</proxies>
<!-- servers
| This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
| Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
|-->
<servers>
<!-- server
| Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
| a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
|
| NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are
| used together.
|
<server>
<id>deploymentRepo</id>
<username>repouser</username>
<password>repopwd</password>
</server>
-->
<!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
<server>
<id>siteServer</id>
<privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
<passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
</server>
-->
</servers>
<!-- mirrors
| This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
|
| It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
| However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
| it to several places.
|
| That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
| repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred
| server for that repository.
|-->
<mirrors>
<!-- mirror
| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
|
<mirror>
<id>mirrorId</id>
<mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
</mirror>
-->
<mirror>
<id>nexus-aliyun</id>
<!-- <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> -->
<mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
<name>阿里云公共仓库</name>
<url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
<!-- profiles
| This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
| the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
| specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
|
| For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
| your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is
| dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
|
| As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
| section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
| relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
| or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a
| value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
| Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
|
| NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
| repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
| variables for plugins in the POM.
|
|-->
<profiles>
<!-- profile
| Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
| mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
| or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
|
| An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
| for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
| This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
| to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
|
| This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.4</id>
<activation>
<jdk>1.4</jdk>
</activation>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>jdk14</id>
<name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
<url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
<layout>default</layout>
<snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
</repository>
</repositories>
</profile>
-->
<!--
| Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
| which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
| might hypothetically look like:
|
| ...
| <plugin>
| <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
| <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
|
| <configuration>
| <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
| </configuration>
| </plugin>
| ...
|
| NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
| anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
|
<profile>
<id>env-dev</id>
<activation>
<property>
<name>target-env</name>
<value>dev</value>
</property>
</activation>
<properties>
<tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
</properties>
</profile>
-->
</profiles>
<!-- activeProfiles
| List of profiles that are active for all builds.
|
<activeProfiles>
<activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
<activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
</activeProfiles>
-->
</settings>
仓库和镜像
仓库
指的就是repository,项目中依赖的第三方库,这个库所在的位置叫做仓库。MAVEN仓库能帮助我们管理,它是放置所有JAR、WAR,ZIP,POM等等的地方。
镜像
指的是mirrors,它是一个拦截器,它会拦截MAVEN对远程仓库的相关请求,把请求里的远程仓库的地址,重新定向到镜像里配置的地址。修改镜像一般是出于网速考虑。
镜像本身并不是repository,它只是远程repository的网络加速器。 很多internal repository搭建工具往往也提供mirror服务,比如Nexus就可以让同一个URL,既用作internal repository,又使它成为所有repository的mirror。
镜像
简介
修改镜像方法
配置文件:conf/settings.xml (maven解压目录)
<settings>
...
<mirrors>
<mirror>
<id>nexus-aliyun</id>
<!-- <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> -->
<mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
<name>阿里云公共仓库</name>
<url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
...
</settings>
概述
如果仓库X可以提供仓库Y存储的所有内容,那么就可以认为X是Y的一个镜像。换句话说,任何一个可以从仓库Y获得的构件,都能够从它的镜像中获取。举个例子,http://maven.net.cn/content/groups/public/ 是中央仓库http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/ 在中国的镜像,由于地理位置的因素,该镜像往往能够提供比中央仓库更快的服务。
镜像的拦截作用
mirror相当于一个拦截器,它会通过<mirrorOf> xxx </mirrorOf>,把符合xxx条件的remote repository的请求重定向到mirror里配置的地址。
mirrorOf用法:
配置 | 说明 |
<mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf> | 匹配所有远程仓库。 |
<mirrorOf>central,repo2</mirrorOf> | 匹配仓库central和repo2,使用逗号分隔多个远程仓库。 |
<mirrorOf>external:*</mirrorOf> | 匹配所有不在本机上的远程仓库。(使用localhost的除外,使用file://协议的除外。) |
<mirrorOf>*,!repo1</miiroOf> | 匹配所有远程仓库,repo1除外,使用感叹号将仓库从匹配中排除。 |
mirror就是镜像,主要提供一个方便地切换远程仓库地址的途径。比如:上在公司,用电信的网络,连电信的仓库。回到家,是网通的网络,连网通的仓库。这样就可以通过mirror配置,统一把我工程里的仓库地址都改成联通的,而不用到具体工程配置文件里一个一个地改地址。
可以配置Maven使用该镜像来替代中央仓库。编辑conf/settings.xml,代码如下:
<settings>
...
<mirrors>
<mirror>
<id>nexus-aliyun</id>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
<name>阿里云公共仓库</name>
<url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
...
</settings>
该例中,<mirrorOf>的值为central,表示该配置为中央仓库的镜像。这样配置之后,以后向central这个仓库发的请求都会发到http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public而不是默认的http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/。
镜像大全
1、阿里的镜像地址
另见:仓库服务
<mirror>
<id>nexus-aliyun</id>
<!-- <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> -->
<mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
<name>阿里云公共仓库</name>
<url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
</mirror>
2、华为的镜像地址
<mirror>
<id>huaweicloud</id>
<name>mirror from maven huaweicloud</name>
<url>https://mirror.huaweicloud.com/repository/maven/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
使用华为Maven中央仓库时,需要在servers节点增加一个server子节点,内容如下:
<server>
<id>huaweicloud</id>
<username>anonymous</username>
<password>devcloud</password>
</server>
经过实际的生产使用后,貌似阿里的要比华为的要快些!
3、ibiblio 镜像地址(这个也比较快的呃)
<mirror>
<id>ibiblio</id>
<name>Mirror from Maven ibiblio</name>
<url>http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/maven2/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
4、repo1.maven.org 镜像地址
<mirror>
<id>central</id>
<name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>
<url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
5、repo1.maven.apache.org 镜像地址
<mirror>
<id>central</id>
<name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>
<url>http://repo1.maven.apache.org/maven2/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
6、repo2 镜像地址
<mirror>
<id>repo2</id>
<name>Mirror from Maven Repo2</name>
<url>http://repo2.maven.org/maven2/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
7、spring.io 镜像地址
<mirror>
<id>sprintio</id>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-snapshot/</url>
</mirror>
8、UK 镜像地址
<mirror>
<id>ui</id>
<name>Mirror from UK</name>
<url>http://uk.maven.org/maven2/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
9、JBoss 镜像地址
<mirror>
<id>jboss-public-repository-group</id>
<name>JBoss Public Repository Group</name>
<url>http://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
10、Google 镜像地址
<mirror>
<id>google</id>
<name>google maven</name>
<url>https://maven.google.com/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
11、Maven china镜像地址
<mirror>
<id>maven.net.cn</id>
<name>Mirror from Maven in china</name>
<url>http://maven.net.cn/content/groups/public/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
12、Maven oschina镜像地址
<mirror>
<id>CN</id>
<name>OSChinaCentral</name>
<url>http://maven.oschina.net/content/groups/public/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
仓库
简介
maven里有两种仓库,Local Repository(本地仓库)和Remote Repository(远程仓库)。
本地仓库
默认放到此路径:C:\User\xxx\.m2\repository。此仓库随着使用会比较大,几个G
修改本地仓库路径的方法
配置文件:conf/settings.xml (maven解压目录)
本地库查找顺序(依次按照以下顺序查找)
- %USER_HOME%/.m2/settings.xml中指定的路径
- %M2_HOME%/conf/settings.xml中指定的路径
- %USER_HOME%/.m2/repository
远程仓库
修改远程仓库方法:pom.xml
<project ...>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>alimaven</id>
<name>aliyun maven</name>
<url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public/</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
Remote Repository(远程仓库)主要有3种
- 中央仓库(central repository):http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/
- 私服(internal repository):内网自建的maven repository,其URL是一个内部网址
- 其他公共仓库:其他可以互联网公共访问maven repository,例如 jboss repository等。
仓库大全
1、阿里中央仓库(首推1)
<repository>
<id>alimaven</id>
<name>aliyun maven</name>
<url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public/</url>
</repository>
2、camunda.com 中央仓库(首推2)
<repository>
<id>activiti-repos2</id>
<name>Activiti Repository 2</name>
<url>https://app.camunda.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
</repository>
3、alfresco.com 中央仓库(首推3)
<repository>
<id>activiti-repos</id>
<name>Activiti Repository</name>
<url>https://maven.alfresco.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
</repository>
4、maven.apache.org 中央仓库
<repository>
<id>central-repos</id>
<name>Central Repository</name>
<url>http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
</repository>
5、maven.org 中央仓库
<repository>
<id>central-repos1</id>
<name>Central Repository 2</name>
<url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</url>
</repository>
6、spring.io 中央仓库
<repository>
<id>springsource-repos</id>
<name>SpringSource Repository</name>
<url>http://repo.spring.io/release/</url>
</repository>