使用Spring MVC统一异常处理实战

1 描述 
在J2EE项目的开发中，不管是对底层的数据库操作过程，还是业务层的处理过程，还是控制层的处理过程，都不可避免会遇到各种可预知的、不可预知的异常需要处理。每个过程都单独处理异常，系统的代码耦合度高，工作量大且不好统一，维护的工作量也很大。 
那么，能不能将所有类型的异常处理从各处理过程解耦出来，这样既保证了相关处理过程的功能较单一，也实现了异常信息的统一处理和维护？答案是肯定的。下面将介绍使用Spring MVC统一处理异常的解决和实现过程。 

2 分析 
Spring MVC处理异常有3种方式： 
（1）使用Spring MVC提供的简单异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver； 
（2）实现Spring的异常处理接口HandlerExceptionResolver 自定义自己的异常处理器； 
（3）使用@ExceptionHandler注解实现异常处理； 

3 实战 
3.1 引言 
为了验证Spring MVC的3种异常处理方式的实际效果，我们需要开发一个测试项目，从Dao层、Service层、Controller层分别抛出不同的异常，然后分别集成3种方式进行异常处理，从而比较3种方式的优缺点。 

3.2 实战项目 

3.2.2 Dao层代码 

 

@Repository("testDao")  
public class TestDao {  
    public void exception(Integer id) throws Exception {  
        switch(id) {  
        case 1:  
            throw new BusinessException("12", "dao12");  
        case 2:  
            throw new BusinessException("22", "dao22");  
        case 3:  
            throw new BusinessException("32", "dao32");  
        case 4:  
            throw new BusinessException("42", "dao42");  
        case 5:  
            throw new BusinessException("52", "dao52");  
        default:  
            throw new ParameterException("Dao Parameter Error");  
        }  
    }  
}  

 3.2.3 Service层代码 

 

public interface TestService {  
    public void exception(Integer id) throws Exception;  
      
    public void dao(Integer id) throws Exception;  
}  
  
@Service("testService")  
public class TestServiceImpl implements TestService {  
    @Resource  
    private TestDao testDao;  
      
    public void exception(Integer id) throws Exception {  
        switch(id) {  
        case 1:  
            throw new BusinessException("11", "service11");  
        case 2:  
            throw new BusinessException("21", "service21");  
        case 3:  
            throw new BusinessException("31", "service31");  
        case 4:  
            throw new BusinessException("41", "service41");  
        case 5:  
            throw new BusinessException("51", "service51");  
        default:  
            throw new ParameterException("Service Parameter Error");  
        }  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void dao(Integer id) throws Exception {  
        testDao.exception(id);  
    }  
}  

 3.2.4 Controller层代码 

@Controller  
public class TestController {  
    @Resource  
    private TestService testService;  
      
    @RequestMapping(value = "/controller.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)  
    public void controller(HttpServletResponse response, Integer id) throws Exception {  
        switch(id) {  
        case 1:  
            throw new BusinessException("10", "controller10");  
        case 2:  
            throw new BusinessException("20", "controller20");  
        case 3:  
            throw new BusinessException("30", "controller30");  
        case 4:  
            throw new BusinessException("40", "controller40");  
        case 5:  
            throw new BusinessException("50", "controller50");  
        default:  
            throw new ParameterException("Controller Parameter Error");  
        }  
    }  
      
    @RequestMapping(value = "/service.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)  
    public void service(HttpServletResponse response, Integer id) throws Exception {  
        testService.exception(id);  
    }  
      
    @RequestMapping(value = "/dao.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)  
    public void dao(HttpServletResponse response, Integer id) throws Exception {  
        testService.dao(id);  
    }  
}