android数据对外共享的方式----contentProvider

android下一个应用程序产生的数据要供其他程序共享有以下方式：

1.文件以可读可写的方式放在SD卡或手机内

2.数据库文件放到SD卡中读写

但以上两种方式虽然也可以实现共享，但不同文件读写方法不一样，

这content provider统一了各种存储方式的方法，屏蔽了操作细节，文件或数据库将其封装成contentProvider后，读写操作方法就统一了，不需要关心其存储的差异。

这里以数据库封装中contentProvider为例进行学习。当然普通文件也一样的，对输入文件流进行封装成contentProvider即可。

以下是A程序数据库的封装（数据库的实现见Sqlite的操作）

package com.example.databaseService;

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.util.Log;

public class contactsProvider extends ContentProvider {

	private Dbservice db;
	private static final UriMatcher MATCHER = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
	private static final int CONTACTS = 1;
	private static final int CONTACT= 2;
	static{
		MATCHER.addURI("com.example.databaseService.contactsProvider", "contacts", CONTACTS);
		MATCHER.addURI("com.example.databaseService.contactsProvider", "contacts/#", CONTACT);
	}
	@Override
	public int delete(Uri uri, String arg1, String[] arg2) {
		SQLiteDatabase sqdb = db.getWritableDatabase();
		int num = 0;
		 switch(MATCHER.match(uri))
		 {
		 case  CONTACTS :
			 num = sqdb.delete("contacts", arg1, arg2);
			 Log.i("mytag","delelta all");
			 break;
		 case CONTACT:
				 long rowid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
				String where = "contactID="+ rowid;
				if(arg1!=null && !"".equals(arg1.trim())){
					where += " and "+ arg1;
				}
				 Log.i("mytag","delelta a recoder");
				num = sqdb.delete("contacts", where, arg2);
		 default:
			 Log.e("mytag","can't match the uri");
		 }
		return 0;
	}

	@Override
	public String getType(Uri arg0) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues Values) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		 SQLiteDatabase sqdb = db.getWritableDatabase();
		 switch(MATCHER.match(uri))
		 {
		 case  CONTACTS :
			 long rowid = sqdb.insert("contacts", "name", Values);
			 Uri Inserturi= Uri.parse("content://com.example.databaseService.contactsProvider/contacts"+rowid);
			 return Inserturi;
		 default:
			 Log.e("mytag","can't match the uri");
		 }
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onCreate() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		db=new Dbservice(this.getContext());
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] arg1, String arg2, String[] arg3,
			String arg4) {
		SQLiteDatabase sqdb = db.getWritableDatabase();
		 Cursor cursor = null;
		 switch(MATCHER.match(uri))
		 {
		 case  CONTACTS :
			 cursor = sqdb.query("contacts", arg1,arg2, arg3, null,null,arg4);
			 break;
		 case CONTACT:
				 long rowid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
				String where = "contactID="+ rowid;
				if(arg2!=null && !"".equals(arg2.trim())){
					where += " and "+ arg2;
				}
				cursor = sqdb.query("contacts", arg1,where, arg3, null,null,arg4);
				break;
		 default:
			 Log.e("mytag","can't match the uri");
		 }
		return cursor;
	}

	@Override
	public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String arg2, String[] arg3) {
		SQLiteDatabase sqdb = db.getWritableDatabase();
		int num = 0;
		 switch(MATCHER.match(uri))
		 {
		 case  CONTACTS :
			 num = sqdb.update("contacts", values, arg2, arg3);
			 break;
		 case CONTACT:
				 long rowid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
				String where = "contactID="+ rowid;
				if(arg2!=null && !"".equals(arg2.trim())){
					where += " and "+ arg2;
				}
				num = sqdb.update("person", values, where, arg3);
		 default:
			 Log.e("mytag","can't match the uri");
		 }
		return num;
	}

}

content provider 对外进行数据共享，必需在清单文件中注册，以下是注册过程

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.database"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="19" />
    
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/testview"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" /> 
    
     
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.database.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
               
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
         <provider 
              android:exported="true"
             android:name="com.example.databaseService.contactsProvider" 
             android:authorities="com.example.databaseService.contactsProvider"
             />
    </application>
<instrumentation android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"
  android:targetPackage="com.example.database" android:label="Tests for My App" />
</manifest>

在Android4.2当中必需要有

 android:exported="true"

否则B程序将无法访问A程序的数据库

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">新建另外一个B应用程序，测试用例如下：</span>

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></span><pre name="code" class="java">package com.example.providercontent;

import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
import android.util.Log;

public class test extends AndroidTestCase {
	public void testInsert()
	{
	Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.databaseService.contactsProvider/contacts");
	Log.e("mytag", "111111");
	ContentResolver resolve=this.getContext().getContentResolver();
	Log.e("mytag", "122222");
	ContentValues values=new ContentValues();
	values.put("name", "hfl");
	values.put("phonenum","13265720919");
	values.put("amount", "24000");
	resolve.insert(uri, values);
	}
	public void testdelete()
	{
	Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.databaseService.contactsProvider/contacts");
	ContentResolver resolve=this.getContext().getContentResolver();
	resolve.delete(uri, "contactID=3", null);
	}
	public void testupdate()
	{
	Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.databaseService.contactsProvider/contacts");
	ContentResolver resolve=this.getContext().getContentResolver();
	ContentValues values=new ContentValues();
	values.put("name", "flh2");
	values.put("phonenum","13265720919");
	values.put("amount", "220000");
	resolve.update(uri, values, "contactID=6", null);
	}
	public void testQuery()
	{
	Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.databaseService.contactsProvider/contacts");
	ContentResolver resolve=this.getContext().getContentResolver();
    Cursor cursor;
	cursor=resolve.query(uri, null, null, null, "contactID asc");
	while(cursor.moveToNext())
	{
		Log.i("mycuror",cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name")));
	}
	
	}
}

ubi格式：

content://域名/路径/记录/字段

如：

content://com.example.databaseService.contactsProvider/contacts    表示访问contacts所有的记录

content://com.example.databaseService.contactsProvider/contacts/10  表示访问contacts中ID为10的记录

content://com.example.databaseService.contactsProvider/contacts/10/name  表示访问contacts中ID为10的name字段