nagios+ganglia监控
与Cacti、Nagios、Zabbix等工具相比，Ganglia更关注整个集群的性能和可用性。可以用于集群的性能监控、分析和优化。
Ganglia就是这样一种工具。Ganglia 是 UC Berkeley 发起的一个开源监视项目，设计用于测量数以千计的节点。Ganglia主要监控集群的性能指标，如cpu 、mem、硬盘利用率， I/O负载、网络流量情况等， 也可以监控自定义的性能指标。通过Ganglia绘制的曲线很容易见到每个节点的工作状态，对合理调整、分配系统资源，提高系统整体性能起到重要作用。gmond 带来的系统负载非常少，这使得它成为在集群中各台计算机上运行的一段代码，而不会影响用户性能。
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每个被检测的节点或集群运行一个gmond进程，进行监控数据的收集、汇总和发送。gmond即可以作为发送者（收集本机数据），也可以作为接收者（汇总多个节点的数据）。
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通常在整个监控体系中只有一个gmetad进程。该进程定期检查所有的gmonds，主动收集数据，并存储在RRD存储引擎中。
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ganglia-web是使用php编写的web界面，以图表的方式展现存储在RRD中的数据。通常与gmetad进程运行在一起。
其中，RRDtool(Round Robin Database tool,环状数据库工具)是一组操作RRD数据的API，支持数据图形化。RRD是一种环状数据库技术，只存储固定数量的数据，新的数据会覆盖最旧的数据。
Ganglia规划：
在动手部署Ganglia之前，首先要对监控体系进行初步的规划。主要考虑两方面的问题：
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单集群 or 多集群
如果节点较少，使用单集群配置起来更容易； 如果节点很多，使用多集群可以避免广播风暴。但是需要为每个集群配置不同的组播通道（通过端口区分），同时要配置gmetad同时监听这多个通道。
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组播模式 or 单播模式
组播模式是ganglia的默认模式，同一集群的多个gmond之间互相交换数据，gmetad中可以指定集群中的任意一个或多个节点作为"data_source"；
组播模式可能会带来网络的 “抖动（Jitter）”。据说设置节点的时钟同步可以避免抖动的问题； 但如果网络环境不支持组播（比如Amazon’s AWS EC2），就需要使用单播模式。单播模式时，将大部分节点的gmond.conf中,global的deaf设置改为"yes"，则这些节点只发生数据，不接收其他节点的数据，同样也不能作为gmetad中的"data_source"。
单播模式中还需要设置“send_metadata_interval”，比如30秒。以强制发送元数据。
ganglia将一个gmetad覆盖的所有集群/节点称为一个grid。可以在/etc/ganglia/gmetad.conf中通过gridname指定其名称。多个grid的数据也可以聚合到一个上级gmetad中。
安装配置：
ganglia 是分布式的监控系统,有两个Daemon, 分别是:客户端Ganglia Monitoring Daemon
(gmond)和服务端Ganglia Meta Daemon (gmetad),还有Ganglia PHP Web Frontend(基于
web的动态访问方式)组成是一个Linux下图形化监控系统运行性能的软件,界面美观、丰富,功能强大
软件下载：http://ganglia.sourceforce.net/
环境：rhel6.3 X86_64 selinux禁止或许可，关闭iptables
######################################################
安装软件可通过yum，rpm，源码安装，在lanmp架构中，我们用源码安装了nginx，mysql，php。此次的ganglia我们通过rpm来安装，下载的软件包不是rpm包，故需将这些软件包制作为rpm包
######################################################
下载包：
get ganglia-3.6.0.tar.gz ganglia-web-3.5.2.tar.gz libconfuse-devel-2.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm libconfuse-2.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
安装制作rpm包的工具
[root@server34 ~]# yum install rpm-build -y
制作ganglia服务端的rpm包，制作过程中需要一些依赖性，根据提示安装依赖性
[root@server34 ~]# rpmbuild -tb ganglia-3.6.0.tar.gz
错误：error: Failed build dependencies:
libart_lgpl-devel is needed by ganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64
gcc-c++ is needed by ganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64
python-devel is needed by ganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64
libconfuse-devel is needed by ganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64
pcre-devel is needed by ganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64
expat-devel is needed by ganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64
rrdtool-devel is needed by ganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64
apr-devel > 1 is needed by ganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64
解决，安装依赖性：
[root@server34 ~]# yum install libart_lgpl-devel gcc-c++ python-devel libconfuse-devel expat-devel apr-devel pcre-devel -y
[root@server34 ~]# rpmbuild -tb ganglia-3.6.0.tar.gz
错误：error: Failed build dependencies:
libconfuse-devel is needed by ganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64
rrdtool-devel is needed by ganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64
解决，安装依赖性：
[root@server34 ~]# rpm -ivh libconfuse-*
warning: libconfuse-2.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:libconfuse ########################################### [ 50%]
2:libconfuse-devel ########################################### [100%]
[root@server34 ~]# rpmbuild -tb ganglia-3.6.0.tar.gz
错误：error: Failed build dependencies:
rrdtool-devel is needed by ganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64
解决：
下载软件包 ：rrdtool-perl-1.3.8-6.el6.x86_64.rp
安装rrdtool-perl软件
[root@server34 ~]# rpm -ivh rrdtool-devel-1.3.8-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: rrdtool-devel-1.3.8-6.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:rrdtool-devel ########################################### [100%]
[root@server34 ~]# rpmbuild -tb ganglia-3.6.0.tar.gz
制作ganglia客户端的rpm包
[root@server34 ~]# rpmbuild -tb ganglia-web-3.5.2.tar.gz
[root@server34 x86_64]# ls
ganglia-devel-3.6.0-1.x86_64.rpm ganglia-gmond-modules-python-3.6.0-1.x86_64.rpm
ganglia-gmetad-3.6.0-1.x86_64.rpm libganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64.rpm
ganglia-gmond-3.6.0-1.x86_64.rpm
制作好的rpm包
安装
[root@server34 x86_64]# rpm -ivh *
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:libganglia ########################################### [ 20%]
2:ganglia-gmond ########################################### [ 40%]
3:ganglia-gmond-modules-p########################################### [ 60%]
4:ganglia-devel ########################################### [ 80%]
5:ganglia-gmetad ########################################### [100%]
[root@server34 noarch]# pwd
/root/rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch
[root@server34 noarch]# rpm -ivh ganglia-web-3.5.2-1.noarch.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:ganglia-web ########################################### [100%]
##########以上为rpm软件包的制作过程#######################
ganglia实现监控功能，需更改其配置文件：
[root@server34 rpmbuild]# vim /etc/ganglia/gmond.conf
cluster {
name = "my cluster" ####集群名
owner = "unspecified"
latlong = "unspecified"
url = "unspecified"
}
更改端口
mcast_join = 239.2.11.71
port = 8756 ######监听端口
ttl = 1
}
/* You can specify as many udp_recv_channels as you like as well. */
udp_recv_channel {
mcast_join = 239.2.11.71
port = 8756
bind = 239.2.11.71
retry_bind = true
# Size of the UDP buffer. If you are handling lots of metrics you really
# should bump it up to e.g. 10MB or even higher.
# buffer = 10485760
}
/* You can specify as many tcp_accept_channels as you like to share
an xml description of the state of the cluster */
tcp_accept_channel {
port = 8756
####为避免更多的主机进入，可改变默认的端口：如本实验将gmond配置文件的端口8649->8679
[root@server34 rpmbuild]# vim /etc/ganglia/gmetad.conf
data_source "my cluster" 192.168.0.34:8756
[root@server34 rpmbuild]# /etc/init.d/gmond start
Starting GANGLIA gmond: [ OK ]
[root@server34 rpmbuild]# /etc/init.d/gmetad start
Starting GANGLIA gmetad: [ OK ]
[root@server34 rrds]# cd /var/lib/ganglia/rrd/my\ cluster/
[root@server34 my cluster]# ls
server34.example.com __SummaryInfo__
[root@server34 my cluster]# cd server34.example.com/
[root@server34 server34.example.com]# ls
boottime.rrd mem_writeback.rrd
bytes_in.rrd part_max_used.rrd
bytes_out.rrd pkts_in.rrd
cpu_aidle.rrd pkts_out.rrd
cpu_idle.rrd proc_run.rrd
cpu_intr.rrd procstat_gmond_cpu.rrd
cpu_nice.rrd procstat_gmond_mem.rrd
cpu_num.rrd proc_total.rrd
cpu_sintr.rrd rx_bytes_eth0.rrd
cpu_speed.rrd rx_bytes_lo.rrd
cpu_steal.rrd rx_drops_eth0.rrd
cpu_system.rrd rx_drops_lo.rrd
cpu_user.rrd rx_errs_eth0.rrd
cpu_wio.rrd rx_errs_lo.rrd
disk_free_absolute_rootfs.rrd rx_pkts_eth0.rrd
disk_free_percent_rootfs.rrd rx_pkts_lo.rrd
disk_free.rrd swap_free.rrd
diskstat_sda_io_time.rrd swap_total.rrd
diskstat_sda_percent_io_time.rrd tcp_attemptfails.rrd
diskstat_sda_read_bytes_per_sec.rrd tcpext_listendrops.rrd
diskstat_sda_reads_merged.rrd tcpext_tcploss_percentage.rrd
diskstat_sda_reads.rrd tcp_insegs.rrd
diskstat_sda_read_time.rrd tcp_outsegs.rrd
diskstat_sda_weighted_io_time.rrd tcp_retrans_percentage.rrd
dskstat_sda_write_bytes_per_sec.rrd tx_bytes_eth0.rrd
diskstat_sda_writes_merged.rrd tx_bytes_lo.rrd
diskstat_sda_writes.rrd tx_drops_eth0.rrd
diskstat_sda_write_time.rrd tx_drops_lo.rrd
disk_total.rrd tx_errs_eth0.rrd
entropy_avail.rrd tx_errs_lo.rrd
load_fifteen.rrd tx_pkts_eth0.rrd
load_five.rrd tx_pkts_lo.rrd
load_one.rrd udp_indatagrams.rrd
mem_buffers.rrd udp_inerrors.rrd
mem_cached.rrd udp_outdatagrams.rrd
mem_dirty.rrd udp_rcvbuferrors.rrd
mem_free.rrd vm_pgmajfault.rrd
mem_hardware_corrupted.rrd vm_pgpgin.rrd
mem_mapped.rrd vm_pgpgout.rrd
mem_shared.rrd vm_vmeff.rrd
mem_total.rrd
为实现集群，将此客户端所需的rpm包拷贝至另一台需要被监控的客户主机
[root@server34 x86_64]# scp ganglia-gmond-modules-python-3.6.0-1.x86_64.rpm ganglia-gmond-3.6.0-1.x86_64.rpm libganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64.rpm 192.168.0.17:
客户端配置：
下载包：
libconfuse-2.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
libconfuse-devel-2.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@server17 ~]# yum localinstall ganglia-gmond-3.6.0-1.x86_64.rpm ganglia-gmond-modules-python-3.6.0-1.x86_64.rpm libconfuse-2.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm libconfuse-devel-2.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm libganglia-3.6.0-1.x86_64.rpm -y
[root@server17 ~]# vim /etc/ganglia/gmond.conf
cluster {
name = "my cluster"
owner = "unspecified"
latlong = "unspecified"
url = "unspecified"
}
更改端口
mcast_join = 239.2.11.71
port = 8756
ttl = 1
}
/* You can specify as many udp_recv_channels as you like as well. */
udp_recv_channel {
mcast_join = 239.2.11.71
port = 8756
bind = 239.2.11.71
retry_bind = true
# Size of the UDP buffer. If you are handling lots of metrics you really
# should bump it up to e.g. 10MB or even higher.
# buffer = 10485760
}
/* You can specify as many tcp_accept_channels as you like to share
an xml description of the state of the cluster */
tcp_accept_channel {
port = 8756
所有hadoop所在的节点，均需要配置hadoop-metrics2.properties，配置如下：
# syntax: [prefix].[source|sink|jmx].[instance].[options] # See package.html for org.apache.hadoop.metrics2 for details *.sink.file.class=org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.sink.FileSink #namenode.sink.file.filename=namenode-metrics.out #datanode.sink.file.filename=datanode-metrics.out #jobtracker.sink.file.filename=jobtracker-metrics.out #tasktracker.sink.file.filename=tasktracker-metrics.out #maptask.sink.file.filename=maptask-metrics.out #reducetask.sink.file.filename=reducetask-metrics.out # Below are for sending metrics to Ganglia # # for Ganglia 3.0 support # *.sink.ganglia.class=org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.sink.ganglia.GangliaSink30 # # for Ganglia 3.1 support *.sink.ganglia.class=org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.sink.ganglia.GangliaSink31 *.sink.ganglia.period=10 # default for supportsparse is false *.sink.ganglia.supportsparse=true *.sink.ganglia.slope=jvm.metrics.gcCount=zero,jvm.metrics.memHeapUsedM=both *.sink.ganglia.dmax=jvm.metrics.threadsBlocked=70,jvm.metrics.memHeapUsedM=40 namenode.sink.ganglia.servers=10.82.58.211:8649 datanode.sink.ganglia.servers=10.82.58.211:8649 jobtracker.sink.ganglia.servers=10.82.58.211:8649 tasktracker.sink.ganglia.servers=10.82.58.211:8649 maptask.sink.ganglia.servers=10.82.58.211:8649reducetask.sink.ganglia.servers=10.82.58.211:8649
所有hadoop所在的节点，均需要配置hadoop-metrics2.properties，配置如下# HBase-specific configuration to reset long-running stats (e.g. compactions) # If this variable is left out, then the default is no expiration. hbase.extendedperiod = 3600 # Configuration of the "hbase" context for ganglia # Pick one: Ganglia 3.0 (former) or Ganglia 3.1 (latter) # hbase.class=org.apache.hadoop.metrics.ganglia.GangliaContext hbase.class=org.apache.hadoop.metrics.ganglia.GangliaContext31 hbase.period=10 hbase.servers=10.82.58.211:8649 # Configuration of the "jvm" context for null jvm.class=org.apache.hadoop.metrics.spi.NullContextWithUpdateThread jvm.period=10 # Configuration of the "jvm" context for file # jvm.class=org.apache.hadoop.hbase.metrics.file.TimeStampingFileContext # jvm.fileName=/tmp/metrics_jvm.log # Configuration of the "jvm" context for ganglia # Pick one: Ganglia 3.0 (former) or Ganglia 3.1 (latter) # jvm.class=org.apache.hadoop.metrics.ganglia.GangliaContext jvm.class=org.apache.hadoop.metrics.ganglia.GangliaContext31 jvm.period=10 jvm.servers=10.82.58.211:8649 # Configuration of the "rpc" context for null rpc.class=org.apache.hadoop.metrics.spi.NullContextWithUpdateThread rpc.period=10 # Configuration of the "rpc" context for file # rpc.class=org.apache.hadoop.hbase.metrics.file.TimeStampingFileContext # rpc.fileName=/tmp/metrics_rpc.log # Configuration of the "rpc" context for ganglia # Pick one: Ganglia 3.0 (former) or Ganglia 3.1 (latter) # rpc.class=org.apache.hadoop.metrics.ganglia.GangliaContext rpc.class=org.apache.hadoop.metrics.ganglia.GangliaContext31 rpc.period=10 rpc.servers=10.82.58.211:8649 # Configuration of the "rest" context for ganglia # Pick one: Ganglia 3.0 (former) or Ganglia 3.1 (latter) # rest.class=org.apache.hadoop.metrics.ganglia.GangliaContext rest.class=org.apache.hadoop.metrics.ganglia.GangliaContext31 rest.period=10 rest.servers=10.82.58.211:8649
[root@server17 ~]# /etc/init.d/gmond start
检测
浏览器：
http://192.168.0.34/ganglia
ganglia与nagios报警整合
[root@server34 ~]# cp ganglia-3.6.0/contrib/check_ganglia.py /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
check_ganglia.py 需以nagios的身份运行
[root@server34 libexec]# chown nagios.nagios check_ganglia.py
[root@server34 libexec]# vim check_ganglia.py
ganglia_port = 8756
[root@server34 libexec]# vim check_ganglia.py
if critical > warning:
if value >= critical:
print "CHECKGANGLIA CRITICAL: %s is %.2f" % (metric, value)
sys.exit(2)
elif value >= warning:
print "CHECKGANGLIA WARNING: %s is %.2f" % (metric, value)
sys.exit(1)
else:
print "CHECKGANGLIA OK: %s is %.2f" % (metric, value)
sys.exit(0)
else:
if critical >= value:
print "CHECKGANGLIA CRITICAL: %s is %.2f" % (metric, value)
sys.exit(2)
elif warning >= value:
print "CHECKGANGLIA WARNING: %s is %.2f" % (metric, value)
sys.exit(1)
else:
print "CHECKGANGLIA OK: %s is %.2f" % (metric, value)
sys.exit(0)
检测：
[root@server34 libexec]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_ganglia.py -h server34.example.com -m disk_free_percent_rootfs -w 30 -c 10
CHECKGANGLIA OK: disk_free_percent_rootfs is 86.33
增加检测ganglia的命令
[root@server34 objects]# vim commands.cfg
# 'check_ganglia' command definition
define command{
command_name check_ganglia
command_line $USER1$/check_ganglia.py -h $HOSTADDRESS$ -m $ARG1$ -w $ARG2$ -c $ARG2$
}
增加ganglia的模板
[root@server34 objects]# vim templates.cfg
define service {
use generic-service
name ganglia-service
hostgroup_name ganglia-servers
service_groups ganglia-metrics
}
[root@server34 objects]# vim hosts.cfg
define hostgroup{
hostgroup_name linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup
alias Linux Servers ; Long name of the group
members * ; Comma separated list of hosts that belong to this group
}
define hostgroup {
hostgroup_name ganglia-servers
alias ganglia-servers
members *
}
[root@server34 objects]# vim services.cfg
##################################check_ganglia###################
define servicegroup {
servicegroup_name ganglia-metrics
alias Ganglia Metrics
}
define service{
use ganglia-service
service_description 根分区空闲
check_command check_ganglia!disk_free_percent_rootfs!20!10
}
define service{
use ganglia-service ;
service_description 系统负载
check_command check_ganglia!load_one!4!5
}
检查配置是否正确
[root@server34 objects]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
[root@server34 objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios reload
检查：
http://192.168.0.34/nagios
如果一切正常,您应该看到 Ganglia 数据现在已经在 Nagios 的监视之下;结合使用 Ganglia 和 Nagios,您可以监视任何内容。您可以控制整个云!
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