Android Camera小记

一. 使用Camera的方式

1. 调用系统相机
2. 自定义相机

二. 调用系统相机

1.调用系统相机，并返回缩略图

	public static final int REQUEST_CODE = 0x001;
    private ImageView ivPic;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ivPic = findViewById(R.id.iv_pic);
    }

    public void invokeSystemCamera(View view) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);  // 1.使用到的Action
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) { // data返回的是缩略图，防止数据过大导致内存溢出
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            if (data != null) {
                Bundle bundle = data.getExtras();
                Bitmap bitmap = (Bitmap) bundle.get("data"); // 2.获取缩略图
                ivPic.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
            }
        }
    }

2.调用系统相机，并返回原图
通过Uri来指定图片保存路径，这里需要做7.0兼容，否则会报错。(这里需要WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限)

    public static final int REQUEST_CODE2 = 0x002;
    public static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 0x003;
    private ImageView ivPic;
    private String imagePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + File.separator + "temp.jpg"; 
    private File imageFile;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ivPic = findViewById(R.id.iv_pic);
        imageFile = new File(imagePath); // 1.设置图片保存路径
        requestPermission(); // 要使用到WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限
    }

    private void requestPermission() {
        ArrayList<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        }

        if (permissionList.size() > 0) {
            String[] permissions = new String[permissionList.size()];
            permissionList.toArray(permissions);
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    }

    public void invokeSystemCamera2(View view) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
        Uri uri;
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { // 7.0以下系统使用文件的Uri
            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
            uri = Uri.fromFile(imageFile); // 7.0 使用此方式会报Caused by: android.os.FileUriExposedException
        } else {
            uri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + ".authority", imageFile); // 使用FileProvider兼容7.0及以上版本
        }
        intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, uri); // 2.通过uri告诉系统图片保存路径，这里的uri需要做兼容
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE2);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE2 && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
            try {
                fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(imageFile); // 3.将图片文件转换为流
                Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fileInputStream); // 4.获取bitmap
                ivPic.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    if (fileInputStream != null) {
                        fileInputStream.close();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

AndroidManifest的FileProvider配置

		<provider
            android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
            android:authorities="com.lgf.camera.demo.authority"
            android:exported="false"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true" >
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/file_path" />
        </provider>

res下xml的file_path配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path
        name="imagePath"
        path="/" />
</paths>

FileProvider使用

三.自定义相机

这里用android.hardware.Camera类实现，关于Camera2和CameraView还未了解。

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.graphics.ImageFormat;
import android.hardware.Camera;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
import android.view.View;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class CameraActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {

    public static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 0x003;
    private Camera mCamera;
    private SurfaceView svCamera;
    private SurfaceHolder mSurfaceHolder;
    private Camera.PictureCallback pictureCallback = new Camera.PictureCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { 
        	// 处理图片数据
            File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "temp.png");
            FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
            try {
                fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
                fileOutputStream.write(data);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (fileOutputStream != null) {
                    try {
                        fileOutputStream.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_camera);
        svCamera = findViewById(R.id.sv_camera); // 1,获取SurfaceView对象
        mSurfaceHolder = svCamera.getHolder();
        mSurfaceHolder.addCallback(this); // 监听SurfaceView事件
        svCamera.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                mCamera.autoFocus(null); // 点击SurfaceView对焦，但是不回调
            }
        });
        requestPermission();
    }

    private void requestPermission() {
        ArrayList<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        }
        
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.CAMERA);
        }

        if (permissionList.size() > 0) {
            String[] permissions = new String[permissionList.size()];
            permissionList.toArray(permissions);
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
        }
    }

    private void setStartPreview(Camera camera, SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder) {
        try {
            camera.setDisplayOrientation(90); // 设置预览方向，否则会横屏显示
            camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceHolder);  // 3.关联Camera和SurfaceView，设置显示在SurfaceHolder
            camera.startPreview(); // 开始预览
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        startPreview();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        releaseCamera(); // 释放Camera资源
    }

    private void startPreview() {
        createCamera();
        if (mSurfaceHolder != null) {
            setStartPreview(mCamera, mSurfaceHolder);
        }
    }

    private void createCamera() {
        if (mCamera == null) {
            mCamera = Camera.open(); // 2.创建Camera对象
        }
    }

    private void releaseCamera() {
        if (mCamera != null) {
            mCamera.setPreviewCallback(null); // 停止监听回调
            mCamera.stopPreview(); // 停止预览
            mCamera.release(); // 释放camera资源
            mCamera = null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { // 界面获取焦点时，回调
        Log.d("CameraActivity", "surfaceCreated");
        setStartPreview(mCamera, mSurfaceHolder);
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) { // 界面获取焦点时或SurfaceView大小改变时，回调
        Log.d("CameraActivity", "surfaceChanged");
        mCamera.stopPreview();
        setStartPreview(mCamera, mSurfaceHolder);
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { // 界面失去焦点时，回调
        Log.d("CameraActivity", "surfaceDestroyed");
        releaseCamera();
    }

    /**
     * 此方法为点击事件
     * @param view
     */
    public void capture(View view) {
        // 设置参数
        Camera.Parameters parameters = mCamera.getParameters();
        parameters.setPictureFormat(ImageFormat.JPEG); // 设置图片格式
        parameters.setPreviewSize(800, 400); // 设置图片大小
        parameters.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO);
        // 对焦，并获取对焦结果
        mCamera.autoFocus(new Camera.AutoFocusCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onAutoFocus(boolean success, Camera camera) {
                if (success) { // 对焦成功
                    mCamera.takePicture(null/*拍照时，会发出拍照的声音*/, null, pictureCallback);
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

**备注：**onResume、onPause、surfaceCreated、surfaceChanged、surfaceDestroyed生命周期

onResume->surfaceCreated->surfaceChanged->onPause->surfaceDestroyed