sed与状态机

问题1：假设文本中music与realist成对出现，替换所有的realist与music所在行.

解决方法1:

sed -nr '/music/{h;ba;};/realist/{h;bb;};p;d;
:a n;/realist/{p;g;s/([^/n]*)/n(.*)//2/n/1/;p;be;};H;ba;
:b n;/music/{p;g;s/([^/n]*)/n(.*)//2/n/1/;p;be;};H;bb;
:e n;p;be'

解决方法2:

sed -nr '1h;1!H;${     
x;s/([^/n]*music[^/n]*)/n(.*)([^/n]*realist[^/n]*)//3/n/2/1/;te
s/([^/n]*realist[^/n]*)/n(.*)([^/n]*music[^/n]*)//3/n/2/1/;
:e p;q;}'

以上都来自http://bbs.chinaunix.net, cjaizss

 

问题2

sed脚本
#!/bin/sed -f
/music/{=;q;p}
/realist/{=;p}
d

源文件
......
......music......
......

......realist......
......

......music......
......
......realist......
......
想要实现只打印第一次出现music的行及其所在的行号,realist出现的的所有行及其行号。

解决方法:

Define each state as

         a: music outputted, realist never

         b: realist outputted, music never

         c: music outputted, realist outputted

         s: music never, realist never

and from the FSM combination analysis, we can combine state a and state c into new state a as the second below diagram.

经典范例

#! /bin/sed -f
#
# turing.sed -- emulate a Turing machine
#
# Christophe Blaess <[email]ccb@club-internet.fr[/email]>
# [url]http://perso.club-internet.fr/ccb/[/url]

# See text file for information about Turing Machine script.

# Read all the instructions, and add a final newline.
:read
N
$!b read
G

# Delete comments extending from a '#' to the end of the line.
s/#[^/n]*/n//g
s/#.*$//g

# Use a colon to separate the instructions.
s//n/:/g

# Is there an initial tape ?
/|/ s//(.*/)|/([^:]/)/([^:]*/):/(.*/)/|/2|/3:/1/4/

# else insert a blank one.
/|/!s//(.*/)/| |:/1/

# Reserve the storage place at the beginning of the pattern space,
# then set the current state to zero.
s//(.*/)/0x/1/

# Start the machine !
:loop
        # Display only the tape and the state.
        h
        # (comment out the next two lines to see internal data when
        #  debuging TM script)
        s/:.*//
        s/^/(./)./(/1) /
        p
        g

        # Check the content of the current cell.
        /|[^:|]|/!{
                s/.*/Internal error in the Turing machine/
                q
        }

        # Store in second position the symbol read on the tape
        s/^/(./)./(.*/)|/(./)|/(.*/)//1/3/2|/3|/4/

        # Have we reached a final state ?
        /^/(./).*:/1/!{
                s//(./).*/Final state /1 reached... end of processing/
                q
        }

        # Is there an instruction for this state and this cell content ?
        /^/(../).*:/1/!{
                s/^/(./)/(./).*/No instruction for state /1 and cell /2/
                q
        }

        # Look for the new content to write.
        /^/(../).*:/1[^:|]/!{
                s/.*/I can't write this symbol on the tape!/
                q
        }
        s/^/(../)/(.*/)|.|/(.*/):/1/(./)//1/2|/4|/3:/1/4/

        # Look for the direction of movement.
        /^/(../).*:/1.[ LRlr]/!{
                s/.*/Movement must be specified as L, R or space/
                q
        }
        # Clear the substitute flag that we will use later.
        t nop
        :nop
        /^/(../).*:/1. / {
                # Direction = ' ' -> Don't move the head
                b end_move
        }
        /^/(../).*:/1.[Ll]/ {
                # Move the head to the left if the tape is long enough,
                s/^/(../)/(.*/)/(./)|/(./)|//1/2|/3|/4/
                t end_move
                # else extend the tape with an empty cell.
                s/|/(./)|/| |/1/
                b end_move
        }

        # Move the head to the right, if the tape is long enough,
        s/|/(./)|/([^:]/)//1|/2|/
        t end_move
        # else extend the tape with an empty cell.
        s/|/(./)|//1| |/

        :end_move

        # Check the new state,
        /^/(../).*:/1..[^:|]/!{
 http://bbs2.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=1258330&extra=&page=1              s/.*/I can't use this symbol as new state/
                q
        }
        # then switch the machine state
        s/^/(./)/(./)/(.*/):/1/2/(../)/(./)//5/2/3:/1/2/4/5/

        # Garbage collector : cut the blank portions of the tape,
        # on the left,
        s//(../) *//1/
        # then on the right.
        s//(../)/([^:]/) *://1/2:/

        b loop

###### end of the script

参考网址：

http://en.literateprograms.org/Turing_machine_simulator_(Sed)?printable=yes

http://bbs2.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=1258330&extra=&page=1

http://unix.derkeiler.com/Newsgroups/comp.unix.shell/2008-05/msg00430.html

尤其感谢cjaizss.