黑马程序员——Objective-C学习笔记(八)： 属性

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属性 代替无谓的set-get方法，能减少代码量。

转换一个类来使用属性。先看main()函数：

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool
    {
        Car *car =[[Car alloc] init];
        for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
        {
            AllWeatherRadial *tire;

            tire = [[AllWeatherRadial alloc] init];
            [tire setRainHandling: 20+i];
            [tire setSnowHandling: 28+i];
            NSLog(@"tire %'s handling is %.f %.f", i, [tire rainHandling], [tire snowHandling]);
            [car setTire: tire atIndex:i];

            [tire release];
        }

        Engine *engine = [[Slant6 alloc] init];
        [car setEngine: engine];

        [car print];
        [car release];
    }
    return (0);
}

AllWeatherRadial类的接口代码。

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Tire.h"
@interface AllWeatherRadial: Tire
{
    float rainHandling;
    float snowHandling;
}
- (void) setRainHandling: (float) rainHanding;
- (float) rainHandling;
- (void) setSnowHandling: (float) snowHandling;
- (float) snowHandling;
@end // AllWeatherRadial

具有属性风格的新形式：

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Tire.h"
@interface AllWeatherRadial: Tire
{
    float rainHandling;
    float snowhandling;
}
@property float rainHandling;
@property float snowHandlng;
@end // AllWeatherRadial

#import "AllweatherRadial.h"
@implmentation AllWeatherRadial

- (id) initWithPressure: (float) p treadDepth: (float) td
{
    if (self = [super initWithPressure: p treadDepth: td])
    {
        rainHandling = 23.7;
        snowHandling = 42.5:
    }
    return (self);
} // initWithPressure: treadDepth

- (void) setRainHandling: (float) rh
{
    rainHandling = rh;
} // setRainHandling

-(float) rainHandling
{
    return (rainHandling);
} // rainHandling

- (void) setSnowHandling: (float) sh
{
    snowHHandling = sh;
} // setSnowHandling

- (float) snowHandling
{
    return (snowHandling);
} // snowHandling

- (ＮＳＳtring *) description
{
    ＮＳＳtring *desc;
    desc = [[ＮＳＳtring alloc] initWithFormat:@"AllWeatherRadial: %.1f / %.1f /%.1f /%.1f", [self pressure], [self treadDepth], [self rainHandling],[self snowHandling]];
    return (desc);
} // description
@end // AllWeatherRadial

简化的实现：

#import "AllweatherRadial.h"
@implmentation AllWeatherRadial

@synthesize rainHandling;
@synthesize snowHandling;

- (id) initWithPressure: (float) p treadDepth: (float) td
{
    if (self = [super initWithPressure: p treadDepth: td])
    {
        rainHandling = 23.7;
        snowHandling = 42.5:
    }
    return (self);
} // initWithPressure: treadDepth

- (ＮＳＳtring *) description
{
    ＮＳＳtring *desc;
    desc = [[ＮＳＳtring alloc] initWithFormat:@"AllWeatherRadial: %.1f / %.1f /%.1f /%.1f", [self pressure], [self treadDepth], [self rainHandling],[self snowHandling]];
    return (desc);
} // description
@end // AllWeatherRadial

@synthesize 表示“创建了该属性的访问代码”当遇到@synthesize rainHandling; 编译器将添加实现-setRainHandling:和　-ranHandling方法的预编译代码。

如果没有指定实例变量，编译器会自动创建，所以可以省略以下代码：

{
    float rainHdandling;
    float snowHandling;
}

　点表达式

类似下面两行的代码：

[tire setRainHanding: 20 + i];
[tire setSnowHanding: 20 + i];

可以替换成：

tire.rainHanding = 20 + i;
tire.snowHanding = 28 + i;

两种表示方式的结果相同。

用NSLog()函数输出：

NSLog(@"tire %d's handing is %.f %.f", i, [tire rainHandling], [tire snowHandling]);

替换为点表达式：

NSLog(@"tire %d's handling is %.f %.f", i, tire.rainHandling, tire.snowHandling);

如果点表达式出现在等号的左边，该变量名称的setter方法被调用。如果点表达式出现在对象变量的右边，则该变量名称的getter方法被调用。