RHEL6U2_32位+Ora11g_r2静默安装

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-18 11:58:22 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-02-18 11:58:22 发布

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分类专栏： Oracle foundation 文章标签： redhat oracle database permissions 数据库 application

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1, 静默数据库安装4种方法：

方法1：安装前准备、录制脚本、执行静默安装

方法2：安装前准备、使用软件模板静默安装、RMAN实现数据恢复建库、配置网络服务

方法3：安装前准备使用软件模板静默安装、手工建立数据库、手工配置网络

方法4：安装前准备、使用软件模板静默安装、使用网络模板静默安装、使用建库模板静默安装

2，环境说明（方法4静默安装）

操作系统:RHEL6.2x32 最小化安装，物理内存2GB，硬盘512GB。

已下载： linux.x32_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

linux.x32_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

位于目录/opt

3, 准备工作

3.1 配置好网络IP:172.16.2.50/24

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 0

DEVICE="eth0"

HWADDR="00:0C:29:3F:8F:4F"

NM_CONTROLLED="yes"

ONBOOT="yes"

IPADDR=192.168.2.50

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.2.1

TYPE=Ethernet

DNS1=202.106.0.20

=====================

[root@redhat6u2 ~]#servive netword restart

3.2 关闭相应的服务

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# Chkconfig postfix off

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# Chkconfig iptables off

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# Chkconfig ip6tables off

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/conf #设置 SELINUX=disabled

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# setenforce 0 #关闭selinux

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# service iptables stop #临时关闭防火墙

3.3配置yum

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel6u2.repo

[RHEL6u2-Packages]

name=rhel6u2

baseurl=file:///mnt

===============

需要安装下面的软件包（挂载6.2 光盘到/mnt目录并配置YUM）

开机挂载镜像

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt

[root@redhat6u2 ~]#echo mount /dev/sr0 /mnt >> /etc/rc.loacl

导入KEY

[root@redhat6u2~]# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-*

3.4 配置用户个人习惯

[root@redhat6u2 ~]yum install vim #vim编辑各种配置文件

[root@redhat6u2 ~]yum install unzip #安装unzip,用来解压上述两个压缩文件

[root@redhat6u2 ~]yum install openssh-clients #scp命令用于拷贝文件用

[root@redhat6u2 ~]yum install lrzsz #用SecureCRT时传文件用

3.5 解压缩oracle文件

[root@redhat6u2 ~]cd /opt #切换当前目录到oracle压缩文件所在目录

[root@redhat6u2 opt]unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip //解压

[root@redhat6u2 opt]unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解压后新增一个/opt/database目录，里面是解压后的所有oracle安装文件。

3.6在/etc/hosts文件中增加主机名(通过hostname获得)到回环IP的映射如下：

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.2.50 redhat6u2

3.7 安装必须的包

# rpm -q \

binutils \

compat-libstdc++-33 \

elfutils-libelf \

elfutils-libelf-devel \

gcc \

gcc-c++ \

glibc \

glibc-common \

glibc-devel \

glibc-headers \

ksh \

libaio \

libaio-devel \

libgcc \

libgomp \

libstdc++ \

libstdc++-devel \

make \

numactl-devel \

sysstat \

unixODBC \

unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# yum install binutils

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# yum install compat-libstdc++-33

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# yum install elfutils-libelf-devel

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137-3.el5.i386.rpm –nodeps #rhel5.7光盘里的包

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# yum install gcc

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# yum install gcc-c++

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# yum install ksh

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# yum install libaio

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# yum install libaio-devel

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# yum install make

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# yum install sysstat

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# yum install unixODBC

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# yum install unixODBC-devel

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# yum install numactl-devel

3.8 准备安装用户及用户组

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# groupadd -g 1000 oinstall

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# groupadd -g 1001 dba

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# useradd -u 1000 -g 1000 -G 1001 -m oracle

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# id oracle

uid=1000(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1001(dba)

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word

BAD PASSWORD: is too simple

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

3.9 修改内核参数配置文件

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf #在文件最后增加

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

64位系统参数如下：

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 8589934592

kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

[root@redhat6u2 ~]#/sbin/sysctl -p #让参数生效

3.10 修改用户的限制文件

[root@redhat6u2 ~]#vim /etc/security/limits.conf #在文件后增加

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login #修改/etc/pam.d/login增加如下：

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session required pam_limits.so

#64位系写成 “session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so”

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# vi /etc/profile #修改/etc/profile 增加：

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

================

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@redhat6u2 ~]$ cat .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

umask 022

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

# User specific environment and startup programs

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0

export ORACLE_SID=ora11g

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# mv database/ /home/oracle/

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# chown oracle.oinstall /home/oracle/database/ -R

3.11创建安装目录和设置文件权限

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# mkdir /u01/oracle -p

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# chown oracle.oinstall /u01/ -R

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# mkdir /oradata

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# chown oracle.oinstall /oradata

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# mkdir /oradata_back

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# chown oracle.oinstall /oradata_back

3.12 编辑静默安装响应文件

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# su - oracle

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# cp -R /opt/database/response /home/oracle

#复制一份模板

[root@redhat6u2 opt]# cd /home/oracle

[root@redhat6u2 oracle]# mv db_install.rsp db_install_swonly.rsp

#因为下面的安装是只安装软件不安装启动数据库实例

[root@redhat6u2 opt]#vim db_install_swonly.rsp

#开始修改这个安装响应文件

需要设置的选项如下：

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 #系统生成的，不要修改

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

#只安装软件，不安装启动数据库

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=redhat6u2 #通过hostname命令获得

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK

oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 #保持默认

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true #一定要设置为true

4. 根据响应文件安装oracle

[root@redhat6u2 opt]cd /opt/database

./runInstaller –silent –force –noconfig –responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install_swonly.rsp

安装过程中，如果提示[WARNING]不必理会，此时安装程序仍在进行，如果出现[FATAL]，则安装程序已经停止了。打开另一个终端，执行

#tail -100f /home/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions......log

可以实时跟踪查看安装日志，了解安装的进度。

当出现以下配置脚本需要以 "root" 用户的身份执行。

#!/bin/sh

#Root scripts to run

/u01/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

To execute the configuration scripts:

1. Open a terminal window

2. Log in as "root"

3. Run the scripts

4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

Successfully Setup Software.

表示安装成功了。按照其提示操作。

打开一个新的终端，执行下面命令：

[root@redhat6u2 oraInventory]# /u01/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@redhat6u2 oraInventory]# /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
Check /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/install/root_redhat6u2_2012-05-13_01-26-08.log for the output of root script

各参数含义如下:

-silent 表示以静默方式安装,不会有任何提示

-force 允许安装到一个非空目录

-noconfig 表示不运行配置助手netca

-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径

oracle.install.responseFileVersion 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改

oracle.install.option 安装选项,本例只安装oracle软件,该参数不要更改

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES 是否需要在线安全更新,设置为false,该参数不更改

ORACLE_HOSTNAME 安装主机名

UNIX_GROUP_NAME oracle用户用于安装软件的组名

INVENTORY_LOCATION oracle产品清单目录

SELECTED_LANGUAGES oracle运行语言环境,一般包括引文和简繁体中文

ORACLE_HOME Oracle安装目录

ORACLE_BASE oracle基础目录

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition 安装版本类型,一般是企业版

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall 是否定制安装,默认Partitioning,OLAP,RAT都选

oracle.install.db.customComponents 定制安装组件列表:除了以上默认的,可加上Label Security和Database Vault

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP oracle用户用于授予OSDBA权限的组名

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP oracle用户用于授予OSOPER权限的组名

5. 静默配置监听

[oracle@redhat6u2response]$

netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

正在对命令行参数进行语法分析:

参数"silent" = true

参数"responsefile" = /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

完成对命令行参数进行语法分析。

Oracle Net Services 配置:

完成概要文件配置。

Oracle Net 监听程序启动:

正在运行监听程序控制:

/opt/oracle/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER

监听程序控制完成。

监听程序已成功启动。

监听程序配置完成。

成功完成 Oracle Net Services 配置。退出代码是0

成功运行后，在/opt/oracle/11.2.0/network/admin目录下生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件。

通过netstat -tlnp 命令，看到

tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 5477/tnslsnr

说明监听器已经在1521端口上开始工作了。

6. 编辑静默建库响应文件

$cd /home/oracle

$mv dbca.rsp dbca_ora11g.rsp #改名为dbca_ora11g.rsp

静默建立新库（同时也建立一个对应的实例）

修改/home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp #设置如下：

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0" #不能更改

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

GDBNAME = "ora11g " #数据库的名字

SID = "ora11g" #对应的实例名字

TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc" #建库用的模板文件

SYSPASSWORD = "Mypassword" #SYS管理员密码

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "Mypassword" #SYSTEM管理员密码

DATAFILEDESTINATION = /oradata #数据文件存放目录

RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/oradata_back #恢复数据存放目录

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK" #字符集，重要!!! 建库后一般不能更改，所以建库前要确定清楚。

TOTALMEMORY = "1500" #oracle内存1500MB

6.1静默建库命令如下

[oracle@redhat6u2~]$

dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/dbca_ora11g.rsp

Cleaning up failed steps

5% complete

Copying database files

7% complete

9% complete

16% complete

23% complete

30% complete

41% complete

Creating and starting Oracle instance

43% complete

48% complete

53% complete

57% complete

58% complete

59% complete

62% complete

64% complete

Completing Database Creation

68% complete

71% complete

75% complete

85% complete

96% complete

100% complete

Look at the log file "/u01/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11g/ora11g4.log" for further details.

/Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:

/u01/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11g.

Database Information:

Global Database Name:ora11g

System Identifier(SID):ora11g

7.建库后实例检查：

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep | wc -l

[root@redhat6u2 ~]# ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

oracle 1673 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ora11g

oracle 1675 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_ora11g

oracle 1679 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_ora11g

oracle 1681 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_ora11g

oracle 1683 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ora11g

oracle 1685 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_ora11g

oracle 1687 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_ora11g

oracle 1689 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_ora11g

oracle 1691 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ora11g

oracle 1693 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ora11g

oracle 1695 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ora11g

oracle 1697 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_ora11g

oracle 1699 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_ora11g

oracle 1701 1 1 03:09 ? 00:00:01 ora_mmon_ora11g

oracle 1703 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ora11g

oracle 1705 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_ora11g

oracle 1707 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_ora11g

oracle 1715 1 0 03:09 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ora11g

oracle 1730 1 0 03:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ora11g

oracle 1735 1 0 03:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_ora11g

oracle 1737 1 0 03:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_ora11g

7.1查看监听状态

[oracle@redhat6u2 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 13-MAY-2012 03:15:12

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

Alias LISTENER

Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date 13-MAY-2012 03:13:11

Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 1 sec

Trace Level off

Security ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP OFF

Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File /u01/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/redhat6u2/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat6u2)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ora11gXDB" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

8. 修改数据库为归档模式(归档模式才能热备份，增量备份)

[oracle@redhat6u2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Mar 14 07:18:16 2012

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes

Fixed Size 2213776 bytes

Variable Size 402655344 bytes

Database Buffers 1191182336 bytes

Redo Buffers 7360512 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database flashback on;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> alter system archive log current;

System altered.

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

9. 修改oracle启动配置文件

[oracle@redhat6u2 ~]$vim /etc/oratab

ora11g:/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y

这样就可以通过dbstart 启动此实例，也可以通过dbshut关闭此实例了。

关闭实例

[oracle@redhat6u2 ~]$ dbshut /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/

Processing Database instance "ora11g": log file /opt/oracle/11.2.0/shutdown.log

此时所有oracle的进程关闭，监听器也停止。

开启实例

[oracle@redhat6u2 ~]$ dbstart

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener

Usage: /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME

Processing Database instance "ora11g": log file /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/startup.log

此时监听器工作，实例运行，再次查看监听器状态。

[oracle@redhat6u2 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 13-MAY-2012 03:38:39

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias LISTENER

Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date 13-MAY-2012 03:34:42

Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 3 min. 57 sec

Trace Level off

Security ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP OFF

Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File /u01/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/redhat6u2/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat6u2)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ora11gXDB" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

10.建立表空间及用户

[oracle@redhat6u2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

创建临时表空间

SQL>create temporary tablespace user_temp tempfile '/oradata/ora11g/temp01.dbf' size 50m autoextend on next 10m maxsize 2048m extent management local;

Tablespace created.

创建数据表空间

SQL> create tablespace user_data logging datafile '/oradata/ora11g/user_data.dbf' size 50m autoextend on next 10m maxsize 2048m extent management local;

Tablespace created.

创建用户并指定表空间

SQL> create user test identified by test default tablespace user_data temporary tablespace user_temp;

User created.

给用户授予权限

SQL> grant connect,resource to test;

Grant succeeded.

此时在其他机器上可以远程登录这个用户，命令为：

[oracle@redhat6u2 ~]$ sqlplus test/test@ora11g

11.用新建的用户连接数据库，并建立一个表

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

注意：UTF8是为了使得sqlplus和linux终端环境一致起来，此时发往数据库的是UTF8，数据库存储前会转为ZHS16GBK.