Spring Cloud 入门教程(一): 服务注册

1.  什么是Spring Cloud？

Spring提供了一系列工具，可以帮助开发人员迅速搭建分布式系统中的公共组件（比如：配置管理，服务发现，断路器，智能路由，微代理，控制总线，一次性令牌，全局锁，主节点选举， 分布式session, 集群状态）。协调分布式环境中各个系统，为各类服务提供模板性配置。使用Spring Cloud, 开发人员可以搭建实现了这些样板的应用，并且在任何分布式环境下都能工作得非常好，小到笔记本电脑， 大到数据中心和云平台。

Spring Cloud官网的定义比较抽象，我们可以从简单的东西开始。Spring Cloud是基于Spring Boot的， 最适合用于管理Spring Boot创建的各个微服务应用。要管理分布式环境下的各个Spring Boot微服务，必然存在服务的注册问题。所以我们先从服务的注册谈起。既然是注册，必然有个管理注册中心的服务器，各个在Spring Cloud管理下的Spring Boot应用就是需要注册的client

Spring Cloud使用erureka server,  然后所有需要访问配置文件的应用都作为一个erureka client注册上去。eureka是一个高可用的组件，它没有后端缓存，每一个实例注册之后需要向注册中心发送心跳，在默认情况下erureka server也是一个eureka client ,必须要指定一个 server。

2.  创建Eureka Server

1）.创建一个Maven工程springcloud.eureka.server， pom.xml内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>springcloud.server</groupId>
    <artifactId>eurekaserver</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>eurekaserver</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RC2</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

</project>

 

 2）. 用Spring Boot创建一个服务类EurekaServerApplication，需要一个注解@EnableEurekaServer加在springboot工程的启动类上

package springcloud.eureka.eurekaserver;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

3).eureka server的配置文件appication.yml，其中registerWithEureka：false和fetchRegistry：false表明自己是一个eureka server

server:
  port: 8761

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false
    fetchRegistry: false
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

4) eureka server的工程结构如下

5）启动eureka server，然后访问http://localhost:8761, 界面如下， "No instances available" 表示无client注册

 

3.  创建Eureka Client

1). 创建一个Maven工程springcloud.eureka.client， pom.xml内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>springcloud.client</groupId>
    <artifactId>eurekaclient</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>eurekaclient</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RC2</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

</project>

2).  创建主类EurekaClientApplication

使用@EnableEurekaClient注解表明是client

package springcloud.client.eurekaclient;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@RestController
public class EurekaclientApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaclientApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Value("${server.port}")
    String port;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String home() {
        return "hell word  this port:"+port;
    }
}

3) eureka client的配置文件appication.yml

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8762
spring:
  application:
    name: service-helloworld

4). Client启动后， 可以访问http://localhost:8762

 

5). 再次访问服务器端口, 可以看到Service Helloworld已经自动注册到之前的server中