策略模式(Strategy)
策略模式——定义算法族,分别封装起来,让它们之间可以互相替换,此模式让算法的变化独立于使用算法的客户。
原则
1. 封装变化
2. 多用组合,少用继承
3. 针对接口编程,而不是针对实现编程
类图
Code
// Duck超类
public abstract class Duck {
FlyBehavior flyBehavior;
QuackBehavior quackBehavior;
public Duck(){
}
public abstract void display();
public void performFly(){
flyBehavior.fly();
}
public void performQuack(){
quackBehavior.quack();
}
public void swim(){
System.out.println("All ducks float, even decoys!");
}
}
// MallardDuck类
public class MallardDuck extends Duck {
public MallardDuck(){
// 构造时set对应的行为
quackBehavior = new Quack();
flyBehavior = new FlyWithWings();
}
public void display() {
System.out.println("I'm a real Mallard duck");
}
}
// 飞行行为接口
public interface FlyBehavior {
public void fly();
}
// 飞行行为类
public class FlyWithWings implements FlyBehavior {
public void fly(){
System.out.println("I'm flying!!");
}
}
// 飞行行为类
public class FlyNoWay implements FlyBehavior {
public void fly(){
System.out.println("I can't fly");
}
}
// 叫声行为接口
public interface QuackBehavior {
public void quack();
}
// 叫声行为类
public class Quack implements QuackBehavior{
public void quack(){
System.out.println("quack");
}
}
// 叫声行为类
public class MuteQuack implements QuackBehavior{
public void quack(){
System.out.println("<< silence >>");
}
}
// 叫声行为类
public class Squeak implements QuackBehavior{
public void quack(){
System.out.println("squeak");
}
}
// 测试类
public class MiniDuckSilmulator{
public static void main(String[] args){
Duck mallard = new MallardDuck();
mallard.performQuack();
mallard.performFly();
}
}
Reference
http://cashow.github.io/head-first-design-patterns-notes-strategy-pattern.html