Java反射机制:
通俗地说,反射机制就是可以把一个类,类的成员(函数,属性),当成一个对象来操作,希望读者能理解,也就是说,类,类的成员,我们在运行的时候还可以动态地去操作他们.
理论的东东太多也没用,下面我们看看实践 Demo ~
Demo:
package
demo.reflect;
import
java.lang.reflect.*;
public
class
ReflectDemo {
/**
* 为了看清楚Java反射部分代码,所有异常我都最后抛出来给虚拟机处理
*/
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
throws
ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
System.out.println(
"demo1:通过Java反射机制得到类的包名和类名"
);
demo1();
System.out.println(
""
);
System.out.println(
"demo2:验证所有的类都是Class类的实例对象"
);
demo2();
System.out.println(
""
);
System.out.println(
"demo3:通过Java反射机制,用 Class 创建类对象,这也就是反射存在的意义所在"
);
demo3();
System.out.println(
""
);
System.out.println(
"demo4:通过Java反射机制得到一个类的构造函数,并实现创建带参实例对象"
);
demo4();
System.out.println(
""
);
System.out.println(
"demo5:通过Java反射机制操作成员变量, set 和 get"
);
demo5();
System.out.println(
""
);
System.out.println(
"demo6:通过Java反射机制得到类的一些属性:继承的接口、父类、函数信息、成员信息、类型等"
);
demo6();
System.out.println(
""
);
System.out.println(
"demo7:通过Java反射机制调用类方法"
);
demo7();
System.out.println(
""
);
System.out.println(
"demo8:通过Java反射机制得到类加载器信息"
);
demo8();
}
/**
* demo1:通过Java反射机制得到类的包名和类名
*/
public
static
void
demo1() {
Person person =
new
Person();
System.out.println(
"包名:"
+ person.getClass().getPackage().getName());
System.out.println(
"完整类名:"
+ person.getClass().getName());
}
/**
* demo2:验证所有的类都是Class类的实例对象
*/
public
static
void
demo2()
throws
ClassNotFoundException {
//定义两个类型都未知的Class,设置初值为null,看看如何给它们赋值成Person类
Class<?> class1 =
null
;
Class<?> class2 =
null
;
//写法1,可能抛出 ClassNotFoundException 异常,多用这个写法
class1 = Class.forName(
"demo.reflect.Person"
);
System.out.println(
"写法1,包名:"
+ class1.getPackage().getName() +
" , 完整类名:"
+ class1.getName());
//写法2
class2 = Person.
class
;
System.out.println(
"写法2,包名:"
+ class2.getPackage().getName() +
" , 完整类名:"
+ class2.getName());
}
/**
* demo3:通过Java反射机制,用 Class 创建类对象,这也就是反射存在的意义所在
*/
public
static
void
demo3()
throws
ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
Class<?> class1 =
null
;
class1 = Class.forName(
"demo.reflect.Person"
);
//由于这里不能带参数,所以你要实例化的这个类Person,一定要有无参构造函数
Person person = (Person) class1.newInstance();
person.setName(
"xiaoming"
);
person.setAge(
20
);
System.out.println(person.getName() +
" , "
+ person.getAge());
}
/**
* demo4:通过Java反射机制得到一个类的构造函数,并实现创建带参实例对象
*/
public
static
void
demo4()
throws
ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
Class<?> class1 =
null
;
Person person1 =
null
;
Person person2 =
null
;
class1 = Class.forName(
"demo.reflect.Person"
);
Constructor<?>[] constructors = class1.getConstructors();
person1 = (Person) constructors[
0
].newInstance();
person1.setName(
"xiaoming"
);
person1.setAge(
20
);
System.out.println(person1.getName() +
" , "
+ person1.getAge());
person2 = (Person) constructors[
1
].newInstance(
21
,
"xiaohong"
);
System.out.println(person2.getName() +
" , "
+ person2.getAge());
}
/**
* demo5:通过Java反射机制操作成员变量, set 和 get
*/
public
static
void
demo5()
throws
ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
Class<?> class1 = Class.forName(
"demo.reflect.Person"
);
Object obj = class1.newInstance();
Field personNameField = class1.getDeclaredField(
"name"
);
personNameField.setAccessible(
true
);
//取消访问检查
personNameField.set(obj,
"小虎"
);
System.out.println(
"修改属性之后得到属性变量的值:"
+ personNameField.get(obj));
}
/**
* demo6:通过Java反射机制得到类的一些属性:继承的接口、父类、函数信息、成员信息、类型等
*/
public
static
void
demo6()
throws
ClassNotFoundException {
Class<?> class1 = Class.forName(
"demo.reflect.SuperMan"
);
//取得父类名称
Class<?> superclass = class1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(
"SuperMan类的父类名:"
+ superclass.getName());
Field[] fields = class1.getDeclaredFields();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < fields.length; i++) {
System.out.println(
"类中的成员"
+ i +
": "
+ fields[i]);
}
//取得类方法
Method[] methods = class1.getDeclaredMethods();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < methods.length; i++) {
System.out.println(
"取得SuperMan类的方法"
+ i +
":"
);
System.out.println(
"函数名:"
+ methods[i].getName());
System.out.println(
"函数返回类型:"
+ methods[i].getReturnType());
System.out.println(
"函数访问修饰符:"
+ Modifier.toString(methods[i].getModifiers()));
System.out.println(
"函数代码写法: "
+ methods[i]);
}
//取得类实现的接口,因为接口类也属于Class,所以得到接口中的方法也是一样的方法得到哈
Class<?> interfaces[] = class1.getInterfaces();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
System.out.println(
"实现的接口类名: "
+ interfaces[i].getName());
}
}
/**
* demo7:通过Java反射机制调用类方法
*/
public
static
void
demo7()
throws
ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException {
Class<?> class1 = Class.forName(
"demo.reflect.SuperMan"
);
System.out.println(
"调用无参方法fly():"
);
Method method = class1.getMethod(
"fly"
);
method.invoke(class1.newInstance());
System.out.println(
"调用有参方法walk(int m):"
);
method = class1.getMethod(
"walk"
,
int
.
class
);
method.invoke(class1.newInstance(),
100
);
}
/**
* demo8:通过Java反射机制得到类加载器信息
* 在java中有三种类类加载器
* 1)Bootstrap ClassLoader 此加载器采用c++编写,一般开发中很少见。
* 2)Extension ClassLoader 用来进行扩展类的加载,一般对应的是jre\lib\ext目录中的类
* 3)AppClassLoader 加载classpath指定的类,是最常用的加载器,同时也是java中默认的加载器。
*/
public
static
void
demo8()
throws
ClassNotFoundException {
Class<?> class1 = Class.forName(
"demo.reflect.SuperMan"
);
String name = class1.getClassLoader().getClass().getName();
System.out.println(
"类加载器类名:"
+ name);
}
}
class
Person {
private
int
age;
private
String name;
public
Person() {
}
public
Person(
int
age, String name) {
this
.age = age;
this
.name = name;
}
public
int
getAge() {
return
age;
}
public
void
setAge(
int
age) {
this
.age = age;
}
public
String getName() {
return
name;
}
public
void
setName(String name) {
this
.name = name;
}
}
interface
ActionInterface {
public
void
walk(
int
m);
}
class
SuperMan
extends
Person
implements
ActionInterface {
private
boolean
blueBriefs;
public
void
fly() {
System.out.println(
"超人会飞耶~~"
);
}
public
boolean
isBlueBriefs() {
return
blueBriefs;
}
public
void
setBlueBriefs(
boolean
blueBriefs) {
this
.blueBriefs = blueBriefs;
}
@Override
public
void
walk(
int
m) {
System.out.println(
"超人会走耶~~走了"
+ m +
"米就走不动了!"
);
}
}
原文链接:http://my.oschina.net/zc741520/blog/195460