概述
本节介绍hbase的2.1版本的搭建过程。
hbase有三种模式：
- 独立模式
- 伪分布式
- 完全分布式
本文讲述独立模式
参考：hbase官方文档
jdk
环境配置：
centos 1511
hbase-2.1.5
jdk8（hbase2以上的版本要求jdk8）
安装步骤：
- 下载jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz，上传到Linux服务器。
- tar -zxf jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/java
- 配置环境变量
vi /etc/profile
添加以下内容：
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131
JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH
输入source /etc/profile生效。
hbase 配置
- 下载
hbase-2.1.5-bin.tar.gz，上传到Linux服务器，解压到/opt目录下。然后进入conf目录
cd /opt/hbase-2.1.5/conf
- 编辑
hbase-env.sh文件，设置java_home
# The java implementation to use. Java 1.8+ required.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131
- 编辑
hbase-site.xml，配置hbase和zk数据存放的目录。
hbase-site.xml是hbase的主配置文件。我们这里只是指定zk和hbase文件存放的目录。默认情况下会存储在/tmp目录下，很多服务器在重启以后，/tmp目录的内容会被删除。
<configuration>
<property>
<name>hbase.rootdir</name>
<value>file:///opt/hbase-2.1.5/data/hbase</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir</name>
<value>/opt/hbase-2.1.5/data/zk</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.unsafe.stream.capability.enforce</name>
<value>false</value>
<description>
Controls whether HBase will check for stream capabilities (hflush/hsync).
Disable this if you intend to run on LocalFileSystem, denoted by a rootdir
with the 'file://' scheme, but be mindful of the NOTE below.
WARNING: Setting this to false blinds you to potential data loss and
inconsistent system state in the event of process and/or node failures. If
HBase is complaining of an inability to use hsync or hflush it's most
likely not a false positive.
</description>
</property>
</configuration>
上述目录不需要我们手动创建，hbase会自动创建。注意 ： hbase.rootdir 这里我们使用的是
file://开头的文件路径描述，表示使用的是本地文件系统。要在现有的HDFS实例上安装HBase，请将hbase.rootdir设置为指向您实例上的目录：例如，hdfs：//namenode.example.org：8020/hbase。这个我后续会介绍。
启动
- 执行
start-hbase.sh命令启动服务
[root@localhost bin]# cd /opt/hbase-2.1.5/bin
[root@localhost bin]# ./start-hbase.sh
running master, logging to /opt/hbase-2.1.5/bin/../logs/hbase-root-master-localhost.localdomain.out
启动成功会提示running master。
hbase shell命令连接hbase
[root@localhost bin]# ./hbase shell
2019-07-09 01:12:20,464 WARN [main] util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
HBase Shell
Use "help" to get list of supported commands.
Use "exit" to quit this interactive shell.
For Reference, please visit: http://hbase.apache.org/2.0/book.html#shell
Version 2.1.5, r0ba7cc01a13dbb7fec8e6c5d599fc8b4936bae61, Tue May 28 22:25:02 UTC 2019
Took 0.0018 seconds
hbase(main):001:0> status
1 active master, 0 backup masters, 1 servers, 0 dead, 2.0000 average load
status检查状态。可以看到只有一个master，0个从服务器
看一下应用进程：
[root@localhost bin]# jps
50723 HMaster
51003 Main
66831 Jps
在独立模式下，HBase在单个JVM中运行所有守护进程，即HMaster，单个HRegionServer和ZooKeeper守护进程。
请注意，表名、行、列都必须用引号字符括起来。
使用hbase shell命令行操作hbase
新建表
语法：create <table>, {NAME => <family>, VERSIONS => <VERSIONS>}
例：创建表user，有两个列族（column family），分别是 user，role，且保存历史版本数为3。则建表语句为：
hbase(main):031:0> create 'user',{NAME => 'user', VERSIONS => 3},{NAME => 'role', VERSIONS => 3}
Created table user
Took 0.7562 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - user
还有简单写法，这里新建一张表，表名是test，列族名称是cf (表名称和ColumnFamily名称是必须指定的)。并且使用list命令查看有哪些表。
hbase(main):002:0> create 'test', 'cf'
Created table test
Took 0.8278 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - test
hbase(main):003:0> list 'test'
TABLE
test
1 row(s)
Took 0.0310 seconds
=> ["test"]
hbase(main):005:0> list
TABLE
test
1 row(s)
Took 0.0104 seconds
=> ["test"]
hbase(main):006:0> describe 'test'
Table test is ENABLED
test
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'cf', VERSIONS => '1', EVICT_BLOCKS_ON_CLOSE => 'false', NEW_VERSION_BEHAVIOR => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', CACHE_DATA_ON_WRITE => 'false', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', BLOOMFILT
ER => 'ROW', CACHE_INDEX_ON_WRITE => 'false', IN_MEMORY => 'false', CACHE_BLOOMS_ON_WRITE => 'false', PREFETCH_BLOCKS_ON_OPEN => 'false', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536'}
1 row(s)
Took 0.1471 seconds
新增记录
语法：put <table>,<rowkey>,<family:column>,<value>,<timestamp>
hbase(main):007:0> put 'test', 'row1', 'cf:a', 'value1'
Took 0.0983 seconds
hbase(main):008:0> put 'test', 'row2', 'cf:b', 'value2'
Took 0.0151 seconds
hbase(main):009:0> put 'test', 'row3', 'cf:c', 'value3'
Took 0.0137 seconds
查看记录
scan :扫描记录
语法：scan <table>, {COLUMNS => [ <family:column>,.... ], LIMIT => num}
hbase(main):010:0> scan 'test'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf:a, timestamp=1562660115488, value=value1
row2 column=cf:b, timestamp=1562660120094, value=value2
row3 column=cf:c, timestamp=1562660123872, value=value3
3 row(s)
Took 0.0426 seconds
hbase(main):016:0> scan 'test',{LIMIT=>2}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf:a, timestamp=1562660115488, value=value1
row2 column=cf:b, timestamp=1562660120094, value=value2
2 row(s)
Took 0.0280 seconds
查找记录get
语法：get <table>,<rowkey>,[<family:column>,....]
hbase(main):017:0> get 'test', 'row2'
COLUMN CELL
cf:b timestamp=1562660120094, value=value2
1 row(s)
Took 0.0204 seconds
hbase(main):022:0> get 'test', 'row1', ['cf:a']
COLUMN CELL
cf:a timestamp=1562660115488, value=value1
1 row(s)
Took 0.0069 seconds
hbase(main):023:0> get 'test', 'row1', ['cf:a1']
COLUMN CELL
0 row(s)
Took 0.0049 seconds
删除记录
delete
语法：delete <table>, <rowkey>, <family:column> , <timestamp>,必须指定列名
hbase(main):038:0> scan 'test'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf:a, timestamp=1562660115488, value=value1
row2 column=cf:b, timestamp=1562660120094, value=value2
row3 column=cf:c, timestamp=1562660123872, value=value3
3 row(s)
Took 0.0144 seconds
hbase(main):039:0> delete 'test' , 'row2', 'cf:b'
Took 0.0125 seconds
hbase(main):040:0> scan 'test'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf:a, timestamp=1562660115488, value=value1
row3 column=cf:c, timestamp=1562660123872, value=value3
2 row(s)
Took 0.0148 seconds
启用禁用表
disable 命令
hbase(main):011:0> disable 'test'
Took 0.8021 seconds
hbase(main):012:0> scan 'test'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotEnabledException: test is disabled.
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionImplementation.relocateRegion(ConnectionImplementation.java:732)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RpcRetryingCallerWithReadReplicas.getRegionLocations(RpcRetryingCallerWithReadReplicas.java:328)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ScannerCallable.prepare(ScannerCallable.java:139)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ScannerCallableWithReplicas$RetryingRPC.prepare(ScannerCallableWithReplicas.java:399)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RpcRetryingCallerImpl.callWithRetries(RpcRetryingCallerImpl.java:105)
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultBoundedCompletionService$QueueingFuture.run(ResultBoundedCompletionService.java:80)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
ERROR: Table test is disabled!
For usage try 'help "scan"'
Took 0.3767 seconds
hbase(main):013:0> enable 'test'
Took 0.7543 seconds
hbase(main):014:0> scan 'test'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
row1 column=cf:a, timestamp=1562660115488, value=value1
row2 column=cf:b, timestamp=1562660120094, value=value2
row3 column=cf:c, timestamp=1562660123872, value=value3
3 row(s)
Took 0.0449 seconds
删除表
想删除drop表，必须要先禁用disable表
hbase(main):041:0> drop 'test'
ERROR: Table test is enabled. Disable it first.
For usage try 'help "drop"'
Took 0.0128 seconds
hbase(main):042:0> disable 'test'
Took 0.4629 seconds
hbase(main):043:0> drop 'test'
Took 0.5456 seconds
退出shell
要退出HBase Shell并断开与群集的连接，使用quit命令。
注意，这只是退出了shell，HBase仍然在后台运行。
停止HBase
使用stop-hbase.sh命令停止hbase服务。这可能会需要几分钟时间。
[root@localhost bin]# ./stop-hbase.sh
stopping hbase..........................................................................
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