hibernate之使实体不可变

使实体不可变

一个特定类的实例可以是不可变的，就是永远不需要执行update语句。Hibernate也可以进行一些其他优化，例如，如果通过把mutable属性

设置为false来映射一个不可变的类，就可以避免脏检查,例如：

<hibernate-mapping default-access="field">

<class name="Bid" mutable="false">

...

</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

如果没有公开类的任何属性的公有设置方法，pojo就是不可变的---所有值都在构造函数中设置。不用私有设置方法，而是经常更喜欢通过

hibernate对不可变的持久化进行直接的字段访问，因此不必编写没用的访问方法。

default-access="field"就是直接字段访问的设置。

---

pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>hibernateTest</groupId> <artifactId>hibernateTest</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>hibernateTest</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>3.3.1.GA</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-nop</artifactId> <version>1.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javassist</groupId> <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> <version>3.4.GA</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-proxool</artifactId> <version>3.3.1.GA</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.oracle</groupId> <artifactId>ojdbc14</artifactId> <version>10.2.0.3.0</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>hibernateTest</finalName> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <excludes> <exclude>**/*.java</exclude> </excludes> </resource> </resources> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>1.6</source> <target>1.6</target> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>  

resources/proxool.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <something-else-entirely> <proxool> <!-- 连接池的别名 --> <alias>proxool</alias> <!-- proxool只能管理由自己产生的连接 --> <driver-url>jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE</driver-url> <!--JDBC驱动程序--> <driver-class>oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</driver-class> <!-- 用户名与密码 --> <driver-properties> <property name="user" value="system" /> <property name="password" value="password" /> </driver-properties> <!-- 允许最大连接数 ,默认是15,这里设置为20--> <maximum-connection-count>20</maximum-connection-count> <!-- 最小连接数 ,默认是5,其实可以不用声明它--> <minimum-connection-count>5</minimum-connection-count> <!-- 测试连接的sql语句 --> <house-keeping-test-sql>select sysdate from dual</house-keeping-test-sql> </proxool> </something-else-entirely>  

resources/hibernate.cfg.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory name="sessionFactory"> <property name="hibernate.connection.provider_class"> org.hibernate.connection.ProxoolConnectionProvider </property> <property name="hibernate.proxool.pool_alias">proxool</property> <property name="hibernate.proxool.xml">proxool.xml</property> <!-- 输出sql --> <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property> <!-- 格式化sql --> <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property> <!--指定数据库适配器 --> <property name="dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect </property> <!-- 映射文件 --> <mapping resource="hibernateTest/Student.hbm.xml" /> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration> 

HibernateTest/Student.java:

package hibernateTest; /** * 属性由构造方法设置，为了让属性不可变，我们只提供了公共获取方法. * @author FUHAIDONG */ public class Student { private int id; private String name; private String address; private int age; public Student(){} public Student(String name,String address,int age){ this.name = name; this.address = address; this.age = age; } public int getId() { return id; } public String getName() { return name; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public int getAge() { return age; } }  

HibernateTest/Student.hbm.xml, 注意：default-access="field"与mutable="false"这两个参数。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping default-access="field"> <class name="hibernateTest.Student" table="STUDENT" mutable="false"> <id name="id" column="ID" type="int"> <generator class="sequence"> <!-- seq_student就是表student的主键自增的sequence --> <param name="sequence">seq_student</param> </generator> </id> <property name="name" column="name" type="string"/> <property name="address" column="address" type="string"/> <property name="age" column="age" type="int"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping> 

util/HibernateUtil.java:

package util; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; public class HibernateUtil { private static SessionFactory sessionFactory; static{ try { sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); } catch (Throwable e) { throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e); } } public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory(){ return sessionFactory; } public static void shutdown(){ getSessionFactory().close(); } }  

util/StudentManager.java:

package util; import hibernateTest.Student; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction; public class StudentManager { public static void main(String[] args) { Student s = new Student("华仔", "台湾", 26); Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().openSession(); Transaction transaction1 = session.beginTransaction(); session.save(s); transaction1.commit(); session.close(); } }