SQL练习-笔记

mysql数据库SQL训练

• 创建表以及插入数据

create table Student(Sno varchar(10),Sname varchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex varchar(10));
insert into Student values('01' , N'赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , N'男');
insert into Student values('02' , N'钱电' , '1990-12-21' , N'男');
insert into Student values('03' , N'孙风' , '1990-05-20' , N'男');
insert into Student values('04' , N'李云' , '1990-08-06' , N'男');
insert into Student values('05' , N'周梅' , '1991-12-01' , N'女');
insert into Student values('06' , N'吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , N'女');
insert into Student values('07' , N'郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , N'女');
insert into Student values('08' , N'王菊' , '1990-01-20' , N'女');
insert into Student values('09' , N'王菊' , '1991-01-20' , N'女');
insert into Student values('10' , N'王菊' , '1991-01-20' , N'女');
insert into Student values('11' , N'王菊' , '1991-05-12' , N'女');
insert into Student values('13' , N'王菊' , '1991-05-13' , N'女');

create table Course(Cno varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),Tno varchar(10))
insert into Course values('01' , N'语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , N'数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , N'英语' , '03');

create table Teacher(Tno varchar(10),Tname varchar(10))
insert into Teacher values('01' , N'张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , N'李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , N'王五');

create table SC(Sno varchar(10),Cno varchar(10),score decimal(18,1))
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);

insert into SC values('10' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('10' , '02' , 80);
insert into SC values('10' , '03' , 80);

insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);

• 各种查询语句练习

• -- 1. 查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
  select s.*,a.score as'01课程成绩',b.score as'02课程成绩' from sc a, sc b,student s where a.sno=b.sno  and a.sno=s.sno and a.cno='01' and b.cno='02' and a.score>b.score
  
  -- 1.1 查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况
  select a.* from sc a where a.cno='01' and EXISTS (select b.sno from sc b where b.cno='02' and a.sno=b.sno)
  -- 1.2 查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )
  SELECT DISTINCT a.* ,b.* from sc a left JOIN  sc b on a.sno=b.Sno  and a.Cno='01'
  -- 1.3 查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况
  select a.* from sc a where a.cno='02' and not EXISTS (select b.cno from sc b where b.cno='01' and a.sno=b.sno)
  -- 2. 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
  select avg(score),sno from sc GROUP BY sno HAVING  avg(score)>=60
  -- 3. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
  select DISTINCT s.* from sc,student s where sc.sno=s.sno 
  -- 4. 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )
  select sc.sno,s.sname,count(sc.cno),sum(sc.score) from sc,student s where s.Sno=sc.sno GROUP BY sc.sno,s.Sname
  -- 4.1 查有成绩的学生信息
  select distinct s.* from student s ,sc where s.sno=sc.sno
  -- 5. 查询「李」姓老师的数量 
  
  select count(*) from teacher where tname like'李%' 
  
  -- 6. 查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息 
  select DISTINCT s.* from teacher t ,course c ,student s, sc where t.tno=c.tno and sc.cno=c.cno and sc.Sno=s.Sno and t.tname='张三'
  -- 7. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息 
  select s.* from student s,(select count(cno),sno from sc GROUP BY sno HAVING count(cno)!=(select count(*) from course))t where s.sno=t.sno
  -- 8. 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息 
  select DISTINCT s.* from sc a ,student s where a.sno=s.sno and EXISTS (select b.cno from sc b where b.sno='01' and b.Cno=a.cno)
  -- 9. 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息 
  select count(a.cno),a.sno from sc a where a.Cno in(SELECT cno from sc where sno='01') and a.sno!='01' 
  GROUP BY a.Sno HAVING count(a.cno)=(select count(*) from sc where sno='01')
  -- 10. 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名 
  select DISTINCT s.sname from sc a,student s where a.sno=s.sno and not EXISTS (select cno from Course c, teacher t where c.tno=t.tno and t.tname='张三' and a.cno=c.cno)
  -- 11. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩 
  SELECT count(sc.cno),sc.sno,avg(sc.score),s.sname from sc,student s where sc.sno=s.sno and sc.score<60 GROUP BY sc.sno,s.sname HAVING count(sc.cno)>=2
  -- 12. 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息
  select * from sc where cno='01' and score<60 ORDER BY sno DESC
  -- 13. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
  select s.*,t.avgs from sc s,(select avg(score) avgs,sno from sc GROUP BY sno)t where s.sno=t.sno
  -- 14. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：
  select sc.cno ,c.cname, max(sc.score),min(sc.score),avg(sc.score)from sc,course c where sc.cno=c.cno GROUP BY sc.cno,c.cname
      -- 以如下形式显示：课程 ID，课程 name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率
      -- 及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90
      select cno ,max(score),min(score), sum(case when score>=60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*)*100 '及格率', 
  	sum(case when score<=80 and score>=70 then 1 else 0 END)/count(*)*100 '中等率', sum(case when score>80 and score<=90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*)*100 '优良率',
  	sum(case when score>=90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*)*100 '优秀率' from sc GROUP BY cno
      -- 要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列
  select cno ,count(sno) from sc GROUP BY cno ORDER BY count(sno) DESC,cno
  
  -- 16.1 查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名，总分重复时不保留名次空缺,
  
  SELECT t.sno,t.ss, @curRanks := @curRanks + 1 AS rank from (select  sno,sum(score) as ss from sc  GROUP BY sno ORDER BY sum(score) desc)t,(SELECT @curRanks := 0) q
  
  -- 17. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[60-0] 及所占百分比
  
  select sum(case when score>0 and score<60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*)*100,sum(case when score>=60 and score<70 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*)*100,c.cname,sc.cno from sc,course c where sc.cno=c.cno GROUP BY sc.cno,c.cname
  
  -- 18. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录(去除重复数据)
  select res.cno,res.score,res.rank from (
  select t.*,@rownum:=@rownum+1 ,  
  if(@pdept=t.cno,@rank:=@rank+1,@rank:=1) as rank,  
  @pdept:=t.cno  from (
  select cno,score from sc GROUP BY cno,score  ORDER BY cno,score desc 
  ) t,(select @rownum :=0 , @pdept := null ,@rank:=0) a )res where res.rank in('1','2','3')
  
  -- 18. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录(不去除重复数据)
  SELECT result.cno,result.score,result.rank from (
  select t.*,if(@cno=t.cno,@rank:=@rank+1,@rank:=1) as rank,@cno:=t.cno from (select cno,score from sc ORDER BY cno ,score desc) t,(select @rank:=0,@cno:=null) a 
  ) result  where result.rank in('1','2','3')
  -- 19. 查询每门课程被选修的学生数 
  select count(sno),cno from sc GROUP BY cno
  -- 20. 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名 
  select count(cno),sno from sc  GROUP BY sno HAVING count(cno)=2
  -- 21. 查询男生、女生人数
  select count(sno),ssex from student group by ssex
  -- 22. 查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息
  select * from student where sname like '%风%'
  -- 23. 查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数
  select count(sno) ,sname from student GROUP BY sname HAVING count(sno)>=2
  -- 24. 查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
  select  * from student where year(sage)='1990'
  -- 25. 查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列
  select avg(score),cno from sc GROUP BY cno ORDER BY avg(score) desc,cno
  -- 26. 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩  
  select t.sno,s.sname,t.avgs from student s,(select DISTINCT sc.sno,avg(sc.score) avgs from sc GROUP BY sc.sno HAVING avg(sc.score)>=85)t where s.sno=t.sno
  -- 27. 查询课程名称为「数学」，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数 
  select s.sname,sc.score from sc,Course c,student s where sc.cno=c.cno and sc.sno=s.sno and c.cname='数学' and sc.score<60
  -- 28. 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况（存在学生没成绩，没选课的情况）
  select s.sname,sc.Cno,sc.score from Student s left join sc on s.sno=sc.Sno
  -- 29. 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
  select s.sno,s.sname,c.cname,sc.score from sc,course c,student s  where sc.sno=s.sno and c.cno=sc.Cno and sc.score>70
  -- 30. 查询不及格的课程
  select distinct c.cno,c.cname from sc,course c where  sc.cno=c.cno and sc.score<60
  -- 31. 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名
  select  s.sno,s.sname from sc ,student s where sc.sno=s.sno and sc.cno='01' and sc.score >80
  -- 32. 求每门课程的学生人数 
  select count(sno),cno from sc GROUP BY cno
  -- 33. 成绩不重复，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
  select max(distinct score),cno from sc where EXISTS (select c.cno from Course c,teacher t where t.tno=c.tno and c.cno =sc.cno and t.tname='张三') GROUP BY cno
  
  -- 34. 成绩有重复的情况下，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
  
  SELECT s.*,c.score from student s,(
  SELECT a.*,if(@score=a.score,@rank:=@rank,@rank:=@rank+1) as rank,@score:=a.score from 
  (select sno,score from sc  where EXISTS (select c.cno from Course c,teacher t where t.tno=c.tno and c.cno =sc.cno and t.tname='张三') ORDER BY score DESC)a,
  (select @rank:=0,@score:=null) b )c where s.sno=c.sno AND c.rank='1'
  
  -- 35. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩 
  select b.* from (select count(cno),score,sno from sc GROUP BY score,sno HAVING count(cno)>1)a,sc b where a.sno=b.sno
  -- 36. 查询每门功成绩最好的前两名
  select s.* ,c.cno,c.score from (
  select a.*,if(@cno=a.cno,@rank:=@rank+1,@rank:=1) as rank ,@cno:=a.cno from 
  (select cno,sno,score from sc ORDER BY cno, score desc) a,(select @rank:=0,@cno:=null)b)c,student s where c.sno=s.sno and c.rank in('1','2','3') ORDER BY c.cno ,c.score desc
  
  -- 37. 统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过 5 人的课程才统计）。
  select count(sno),cno from sc GROUP BY cno HAVING count(sno)>5
  -- 38. 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号 
  select count(cno),sno from sc group by sno HAVING count(cno)>=2
  -- 39. 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
  select count(cno),sno from sc GROUP BY sno HAVING count(cno)=(select count(*) from Course)
  -- 40. 查询各学生的年龄，只按年份来算 
  select year(Now())-year(sage) as age from student 
  -- 44. 查询本月过生日的学生
  select * from student where month(sage)=month(now())
  
  -- 45. 查询下月过生日的学生
  select * from student where month(sage)=month(now())+1