GCC优化选项:一般的文档里不容易找到的-Os
在研究编译驱动的makefile的时候,发现GCC的命令行里面有一个-Os的优化选项。
遍查GCC文档,发现了-O0, -O1, -O2, -O3,就是没有发现-Os。
祭出GOOGLE大法搜了一下,终于发现这篇文章说明了-Os的作用:
http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7269
原来-Os相当于-O2.5。是使用了所有-O2的优化选项,但又不缩减代码尺寸的方法。
详细的说明如下:
Level 2.5 (-Os)
The special optimization level (-Os or size) enables all -O2 optimizations that do not increase code size; it puts the emphasis on size over speed. This includes all second-level optimizations, except for the alignment optimizations. The alignment optimizations skip space to align functions, loops, jumps and labels to an address that is a multiple of a power of two, in an architecture-dependent manner. Skipping to these boundaries can increase performance as well as the size of the resulting code and data spaces; therefore, these particular optimizations are disabled. The size optimization level is enabled as:
gcc -Os -o test test.c
In gcc 3.2.2, reorder-blocks is enabled at -Os, but in gcc 3.3.2 reorder-blocks is disabled.
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补充:在GCC的官方文档里又发现了关于-Os的说明:
http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.4.6/gcc/Optimize-Options.html#Optimize-Options
加了-Os选项导致的报错链接:http://spartan1.iteye.com/blog/1279619
加了-O2选项之后把错误的段错误优化掉的链接:http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-1799702-1-1.html
gcc优化选项编译指南:http://www.cnblogs.com/hoys/archive/2011/12/08/2280602.html
gcc优化产生的不正确结果:http://linux.solidot.org/article.pl?sid=07/11/19/0512218&from=rss
gcc O2选项造成的错误:http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/360056568。
O2选项-finline-small-functions
有可能把小函数内联,但传入参数不正确,导致返回值不正确。实际开发中碰到过。
例如如下测试代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main ( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
int fd1=-1;
struct stat info1;
fd1=open("/localhome/kana/lingc.txt", O_RDWR);
printf("fd1=%d",fd1);
if(fd1 > 0)
{
if(fstat(fd1,&info1)!=0)
printf("failed to open fd1:%d;errorno:%d\n",fd1,errno);
else printf("sucess");
close(fd1);
}
return 0;
}
其中fstat函数就被内联了。
另外一则gcc优化-O2出现的bug:http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-1946983-1-1.html