语言模型和时序数据的采样

##  语言模型数据集  ##
# 读取数据集
with open('/home/kesci/input/jaychou_lyrics4703/jaychou_lyrics.txt') as f:
    corpus_chars = f.read()
print(len(corpus_chars))
print(corpus_chars[: 40])
corpus_chars = corpus_chars.replace('\n', ' ').replace('\r', ' ')
corpus_chars = corpus_chars[: 10000]

# 建立字符索引
idx_to_char = list(set(corpus_chars)) # 去重，得到索引到字符的映射
char_to_idx = {char: i for i, char in enumerate(idx_to_char)} # 字符到索引的映射
vocab_size = len(char_to_idx)
print(vocab_size)

corpus_indices = [char_to_idx[char] for char in corpus_chars]  # 将每个字符转化为索引，得到一个索引的序列
sample = corpus_indices[: 20]
print('chars:', ''.join([idx_to_char[idx] for idx in sample]))
print('indices:', sample)

# 1027
# chars: 想要有直升机 想要和你飞到宇宙去 想要和
# indices: [1022, 648, 1025, 366, 208, 792, 199, 1022, 648, 641, 607, 625, 26, 155, 130, 5, 199, 1022, 648, 641]


# 定义函数load_data_jay_lyrics，在后续章节中直接调用。
def load_data_jay_lyrics():
    with open('/home/kesci/input/jaychou_lyrics4703/jaychou_lyrics.txt') as f:
        corpus_chars = f.read()
    corpus_chars = corpus_chars.replace('\n', ' ').replace('\r', ' ')
    corpus_chars = corpus_chars[0:10000]
    idx_to_char = list(set(corpus_chars))
    char_to_idx = dict([(char, i) for i, char in enumerate(idx_to_char)])
    vocab_size = len(char_to_idx)
    corpus_indices = [char_to_idx[char] for char in corpus_chars]
    return corpus_indices, char_to_idx, idx_to_char, vocab_size


## 时序数据的采样 ##

## 随机采样

'''
下面的代码每次从数据里随机采样一个小批量。其中批量大小batch_size是每个小批量的样本数，num_steps是每个样本所包含的时间步数。 
在随机采样中，每个样本是原始序列上任意截取的一段序列，相邻的两个随机小批量在原始序列上的位置不一定相毗邻。
'''
import torch
import random
def data_iter_random(corpus_indices, batch_size, num_steps, device=None):
    # 减1是因为对于长度为n的序列，X最多只有包含其中的前n - 1个字符
    num_examples = (len(corpus_indices) - 1) // num_steps  # 下取整，得到不重叠情况下的样本个数
    example_indices = [i * num_steps for i in range(num_examples)]  # 每个样本的第一个字符在corpus_indices中的下标
    random.shuffle(example_indices)

    def _data(i):
        # 返回从i开始的长为num_steps的序列
        return corpus_indices[i: i + num_steps]
    if device is None:
        device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
    
    for i in range(0, num_examples, batch_size):
        # 每次选出batch_size个随机样本
        batch_indices = example_indices[i: i + batch_size]  # 当前batch的各个样本的首字符的下标
        X = [_data(j) for j in batch_indices]
        Y = [_data(j + 1) for j in batch_indices]
        yield torch.tensor(X, device=device), torch.tensor(Y, device=device)


'''
测试一下这个函数，我们输入从0到29的连续整数作为一个人工序列，设批量大小和时间步数分别为2和6，
打印随机采样每次读取的小批量样本的输入X和标签Y。
'''
my_seq = list(range(30))
for X, Y in data_iter_random(my_seq, batch_size=2, num_steps=6):
    print('X: ', X, '\nY:', Y, '\n')

# X:  tensor([[ 6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11],
#         [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17]]) 
# Y: tensor([[ 7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12],
#         [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]]) 

# X:  tensor([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5],
#         [18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]]) 
# Y: tensor([[ 1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6],
#         [19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24]]) 

## 相邻采样

'''
在相邻采样中，相邻的两个随机小批量在原始序列上的位置相毗邻。
'''

def data_iter_consecutive(corpus_indices, batch_size, num_steps, device=None):
    if device is None:
        device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
    corpus_len = len(corpus_indices) // batch_size * batch_size  # 保留下来的序列的长度
    corpus_indices = corpus_indices[: corpus_len]  # 仅保留前corpus_len个字符
    indices = torch.tensor(corpus_indices, device=device)
    indices = indices.view(batch_size, -1)  # resize成(batch_size, )
    batch_num = (indices.shape[1] - 1) // num_steps
    for i in range(batch_num):
        i = i * num_steps
        X = indices[:, i: i + num_steps]
        Y = indices[:, i + 1: i + num_steps + 1]
        yield X, Y
'''
同样的设置下，打印相邻采样每次读取的小批量样本的输入X和标签Y。相邻的两个随机小批量在原始序列上的位置相毗邻。
'''
for X, Y in data_iter_consecutive(my_seq, batch_size=2, num_steps=6):
    print('X: ', X, '\nY:', Y, '\n')
# X:  tensor([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5],
#         [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]]) 
# Y: tensor([[ 1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6],
#         [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]]) 

# X:  tensor([[ 6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11],
#         [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26]]) 
# Y: tensor([[ 7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12],
#         [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27]])