Spring配置数据源
1.数据源(连接池)的作用
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数据源(连接池)是提高程序性能如出现的
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事先实例化数据源,初始化部分连接资源
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使用连接资源时从数据源中获取
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使用完毕后将连接资源归还给数据源
常见的数据源(连接池):DBCP、C3P0、BoneCP、Druid等
2.数据源开发步骤:
① 导入数据源的坐标和数据库驱动坐标
② 创建数据源对象
③ 设置数据源的基本连接数据
④ 使用数据源获取连接资源和归还连接资源
3.数据源的手动创建
导入Maven:
1.MySQL
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
<version>8.0.31</version>
</dependency>
2.junit
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
3.c3p0
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
4.druid
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
导入Maven后,我们先来尝试尝试手动使用java代码进行连接池的创建
1.手动创建c3p0连接池:
@Test
//测试手动创建c3p0
public void Test01() throws PropertyVetoException, SQLException {
//创建数据源
ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
//设置数据库连接参数
comboPooledDataSource.setDriverClass("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
comboPooledDataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test");
comboPooledDataSource.setUser("sangyu");
comboPooledDataSource.setPassword("sangyu");
//获得连接对象
Connection connection = comboPooledDataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
connection.close();
}
测试可输出connection地址值
2.手动创建druid:
@Test
//测试手动创建Druid
public void Test02() throws SQLException {
//创建数据源
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
//设置数据库连接参数
druidDataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
druidDataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test");
druidDataSource.setUsername("sangyu");
druidDataSource.setPassword("sangyu");
//获得连接对象
DruidPooledConnection connection = druidDataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
connection.close();
}
测试可输出connection地址值
我们可以对上述手动创建数据源连接池的代码进行解耦,提高复用性和安全性
解耦:
1.properties:
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.username=sangyu
jdbc.password=sangyu
2.c3p0:
读取jdbc.properties配置文件创建连接池
@Test
//测试手动创建c3p0(解耦版)(加载配置文件版)
public void Test03() throws PropertyVetoException, SQLException {
ResourceBundle resourceBundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc");
String driver = resourceBundle.getString("jdbc.driver");
String url = resourceBundle.getString("jdbc.url");
String username = resourceBundle.getString("jdbc.username");
String password = resourceBundle.getString("jdbc.password");
ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
comboPooledDataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
comboPooledDataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
comboPooledDataSource.setUser(username);
comboPooledDataSource.setPassword(password);
Connection connection = comboPooledDataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
connection.close();
}
4.使用Spring:
可以将DataSource的创建权交由Spring容器去完成
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DataSource有无参构造方法,而Spring默认就是通过无参构造方法实例化对象的
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DataSource要想使用需要通过set方法设置数据库连接信息,而Spring可以通过set方法进行字符串注入
applicationContext.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"/>
<property name="user" value="sangyu"/>
<property name="password" value="sangyu"/>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource2" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"/>
<property name="username" value="sangyu"/>
<property name="password" value="sangyu"/>
</bean>
</beans>
@Test
//使用spring测试c3p0
public void Test04() throws SQLException {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
DataSource dataSource = (DataSource) applicationContext.getBean("dataSource");
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
//可输出地址值
connection.close();
}
@Test
//Spring测试druid
public void Test05() throws SQLException {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
DataSource dataSource2 = (DataSource) applicationContext.getBean("dataSource2");
Connection connection = dataSource2.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
//可输出地址值
connection.close();
}
4.抽取jdbc配置文件
applicationContext.xml加载jdbc.properties配置文件获得连接信息。
首先,需要引入context命名空间和约束路径:
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命名空间:xmlns:context=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/context”
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约束路径:http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
Spring容器加载properties文件
<context:property-placeholder location="xx.properties"/>
<property name="" value="${key}"/>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
</beans>
测试:
@Test
//使用spring测试c3p0
public void Test04() throws SQLException {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
DataSource dataSource = (DataSource) applicationContext.getBean("dataSource");
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
//可输出地址值
connection.close();
}