第15章 Iterator 和 for...of 循环

15.1 Iterator（遍历器）的概念

Iterator 的遍历如下：
1. 创建一个指针对象， 指向当前数据结构的其实位置。也就是说， 遍历器对象本质上就是一个指针对象。
2.第一次调用指针对象的next方法，可以将指针指向数据结构的第一个成员。
3.第二次调用指针对象的next方法，指针就指向数据结构的第二个成员。
4.不断调用指针对象的next方法，直到它指向数据结构的结束为止。

var it = makeIterator(['a', 'b']);

it.next();
it.next();
it.next();

function makeIterator(array) {
  var nextIndex = 0;
  return {
    next: function () {
      return nextIndex < array.length ?
        {value: array[nextIndex++], done: false}:
        {value: undefined, done: true};
    }
  }
}

var it = idMaker();

it.next().value;
it.next().value;
it.next().value;

function idMaker() {
  var index = 0;
  
  return {
    next: function () {
      return {value: index++, done: false};
    }
  }
}

15.2

const obj = {
  [Symbol.iterator]: function () {
    return {
      next: function  () {
        return {
          value: 1, 
          done: true
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

原生具备 Iterator 接口的数据结构如下
1. Array
2. Map
3. Set
4. String
5. TypedArray
6. 函数的arguments对象。
7. NodeList 对象

let arr = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
let iter = arr[Symbol.iterator]()

iter.next();
iter.next();
iter.next();
iter.next();

class RangeIterator {
  constructor (start, stop) {
    this.value = start;
    this.stop = stop;
  }
  [Symbol.iterator]() {return this;}
  next() {
    var value = this.value;
    if(value < this.stop) {
      this.value++;
      return {done: false, value: value}
    }
    return {done: true, value: undefined}
  }
}

function range(start, stop) {
  return new RangeIterator(start, stop);
}

for(var value of range(0, 3)) {
  console.log(value);
}

function Obj(value) {
  this.value = value;
  this.next = null;
}

Obj.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = function () {
  var iterator = {next: next};

  var current = this;

  function next () {
    if(current) {
      var value = current.value;
      current = current.next;
      return {done: false, value: value};
    } else {
      return {done: true};
    }
  }

  return iterator;
}

var one = new Obj(1);
var two = new Obj(2);
var three = new Obj(3);

one.next = two;
two.next = three;

for(var i of one) {
  console.log(i);
}

let obj = {
  data: ['hello', 'world'], 
  [Symbol.iterator]() {
    const self = this;
    let index = 0;
    return {
      next() {
        if(index < self.data.length) {
          return {
            value: self.data[index++],
            done: false
          };
        } else {
          return {value: undefined, done: true};
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

15.3

let set = new Set().add('a').add('b').add('c');

let [x, y] = set;

let [first, ...rest] = set

let generator = function* () {
  yield 1;
  yield* [2, 3, 4];
  yield 5;
}

var iterator = generator();

iterator.next();
iterator.next();
iterator.next();
iterator.next();
iterator.next();
iterator.next();

15.4

var someString = "hi";
typeof someString[Symbol.iterator];
// "function"

var iterator = someString[Symbol.iterator];

iterator.next();
iterator.next();
iterator.next();

var str = new String("hi");

[...str]  // ["h", "i"]

str[Symbol.iterator] = function () {
  return {
    next: function () {
      if (this._first) {
        this._first = false;
        return {value: 'bye', done: false};
      } else {
        return {done: true};
      }
    }
    , _first: true
  }
}

[...str]  // ['bye']
str //'hi'

15.5

var myIterable = {};

myIterable[Symbol.iterator] = function* () {
  yield 1;
  yield 2;
  yield 3;
};
{...myIterable}

// 或者采用下面的简介写法

let obj = {
  * [Symbol.iterator]() {
    yield 'hello';
    yield 'world';
  }
}

for(let x of obj) {
  console.log(x);
}

15.7.1

const arr = ['red', 'green', 'blue'];

for(let v of arr) {
  console.log(v);
}

const obj = {};
obj[Symbol.iterator] = arr[Symbol.iterator].bind(arr);

for(let v of obj) {
  console.log(v);
}

15.7.2

var engines = new Set(['Gecko', 'Trident', 'Webkit', 'Webkit']);
for (var e of engines) {
  console.log(e);
}

var es6 = new Map();
es6.set('edition', 6);
es6.set('committee', 'TC39');
es6.set('standard', 'ECMA-262');
for (var [name, value] of es6) {
  console.log(name + ': ' + value);
}