一、前期准备工作
成功启动的提示信息，可以看出我的编译环境
Booting Linux on physical CPU 0
Linux version 3.6.6 (anzyelay@ubuntu) (gcc version 4.9.4 20151028 (prerelease) (Linaro GCC 4.9-2016.02) ) #24
Mon Jul 18 16:17:22 CST 2016
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: LXA2440
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)
S3C24XX Clocks, Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C244X: core 400.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHz
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256
Kernel command line: root= init=/linuxrc load_ramdisk=0 console=ttySAC0,115200 mem=65536K devfs=mount display
=lcd480 root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.10.5:/home/anzyelay/Desktop/arm/rootfs ip=192.168.10.110:::::eth0
-
1.1 内核下载
-
到官网地址选相应的内核下载，我这里参考也选了3.6.6，下载后解压出来，如下：
anzyelay@ubuntu:arm$ tar -xf linux-3.6.6.tar.xz anzyelay@ubuntu:arm$ ls anzyelay@ubuntu:arm$ ls linux-3.6.6 linux-3.6.6.tar.xz anzyelay@ubuntu:arm$
1.2 编译器的下载和配置
-
可到Linaro官网选择相应版本下载
解压出来保存/usr/local/arm/4.9.4下，保存位置仅做参考，可自行更改,配置修改这里不做说明了，更改文件anzyelay@ubuntu:linux-3.6.6-gcc.4.9.4$ ls /usr/local/arm/4.9.4/ arm-linux-gnueabi bin gcc-linaro-4.9-2016.02-manifest.txt include lib libexec share
二、kernel sourse的修改
2.1 由于cross-compile, 更改顶层make file下的这两行如下：
anzyelay@ubuntu:linux-3.6.6-gcc.4.9.4$ vi Makefile
195 ARCH ?=arm
196 CROSS_COMPILE ?=/usr/local/arm/4.9.4/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-
2.2 增加自己Machine的macro name和number（Uboot中的机器码）
在arch/arm/tools/mach-types文件中添加,
anzyelay@ubuntu:linux-3.6.6-gcc.4.9.4$ vi arch/arm/tools/mach-types
# machine_is_xxx CONFIG_xxxx MACH_TYPE_xxx number
363 mini2440 MACH_MINI2440 MINI2440 1999
364 lxa2440 MACH_LXA2440 LXA2440 193这几项用处是什么？
同目录下有个gen-mach-types的脚本，譔脚本自动用此文件来生成include/generated/mach-types.h头文件见参考2，只举一项内容如下：#define MACH_TYPE_MINI2440 1999 #ifdef CONFIG_MACH_MINI2440 # ifdef machine_arch_type # undef machine_arch_type # define machine_arch_type __machine_arch_type # else # define machine_arch_type MACH_TYPE_MINI2440 # endif # define machine_is_mini2440() (machine_arch_type == MACH_TYPE_MINI2440) #else # define machine_is_mini2440() (0) #endif因此其各项作用：
- machine_is_xxx ：定义machine_is_mini2440（）
- CONFIG_xxxx：用来配置内核编译选项（后面修改Kconfig需要）
- MACH_TYPE_xxx ：宏定义MACH_TYPE_xxx =number(后面修改mach-class.c文件需要)
- number：机器码，用来bootloader控制内核在boot阶段匹配哪个machine_desc（如果内核编译了多个machine的话）
如：当CONFIG_MACH_MINI2440=y时，就定义了相应的machine_is_mini2440()函数，并编译arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx/mach-mini2440.c,此文件将__mach_desc_MINI2440添加到了( __arch_info_begin,__arch_info_end )里。
在内核boot时将从bootloader得到的机器码与MACH_TYPE_xxx匹配就得到__mach_desc_MINI2440描述体了，从而以此描述体里的相应信息启动相应的kernel设备,不然就卡死在“Uncompressing Linux… done, booting the kernel.”之后了。boot时是如何匹配？
先看看arch/arm/include/asm/mach/arch.h 中的相关结构体
#define MACHINE_START(_type,_name) \ static const struct machine_desc __mach_desc_##_type \ __used \ __attribute__((__section__(".arch.info.init"))) = { \ .nr = MACH_TYPE_##_type, \ .name = _name, #define MACHINE_ENDstruct machine_desc { unsigned int nr; /* architecture number */ const char *name; /* architecture name */ ...在看编译的设备文件arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx/mach-mini2440.c中最后的MACHINE_START定义
MACHINE_START(MINI2440, "MINI2440") /* Maintainer: Michel Pollet <buserror@gmail.com> */ .atag_offset = 0x100, .map_io = mini2440_map_io, .init_machine = mini2440_init, .init_irq = s3c24xx_init_irq, .timer = &s3c24xx_timer, .restart = s3c244x_restart, MACHINE_END可看到这里定义了一个machine_desc（ __mach_desc_MINI2440 ）
.nr=MACHINE_TYPE_MINI2440//本质就是机器码number
.name=”MINI2440”内核启动时如下：
bootloader将机器码等参数传入–飞凌里的boot如下call_linux(0, machine id, runaddr)– kernel接收到后运行如下：start_kernel–> setup_arch(&command_line) –>setup_machine_tags(machine_arch_type)–>for_each_machine_desc(p)//在所有编译进来的MACHIE中根据p->nr=machine_arch_type找出mdesc for_each_machine_desc(p) if (nr == p->nr) { printk("Machine: %s\n", p->name);//显示"MINI2440" mdesc = p; break; }
2.3 修改Kconfig和添加.c文件
依上面的添加项修改
lxa2440 MACH_LXA2440 LXA2440 2.3.1 增加menuconfig配置项，主要修改 arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx/Kconfig
config MACH_LXA2440
bool "LXA2440 development board"
select S3C_DEV_NAND
select S3C_DEV_USB_HOST
help
Say Y here if you are using the LXA2440
2.3.2 在 arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx/Makefile中添加machine.c文件的编译控制配置
78 obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_LXA2440) += mach-lxa2440.o2.3.3 关闭NAND_ECC校验
在drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410.c文件内修改
chip->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_NONE; //旧的为NAND_ECC_SOFT这是网上流传的方法 ,分析代码发现
if (set->disable_ecc)
chip->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_NONE;只要set->disable_ecc为真就行,追踪下发现在mach-mini2440.c(就是我说的machine.c文件)的NAND分区设置里可以增加此参数,因此我用如下方法修改
static struct s3c2410_nand_set mini2440_nand_sets[] __initdata = {
[0] = {
.name = "nand",
.nr_chips = 1,
.nr_partitions = ARRAY_SIZE(mini2440_default_nand_part),
.partitions = mini2440_default_nand_part,
.flash_bbt = 1, /* we use u-boot to create a BBT */
.disable_ecc =1,//增加此参数就行
},
};成功后启动会出现s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: NAND ECC disabled字样
2.3.4 添加machine.c源码
用mach-mini2440或mach-smdk2440为模版修改
- 修改machine名字,不改也行，只要将MACHINE_START(LXA2440, "LXA2440")这句改好就行了。
```
cd arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx/
cp mach-mini2440.c mach-lxa2440.c
vi mach-lxa2440.c
```
```
:%s/MINI/LXA/g
:%s/mini/lxa/g
```
- 检查时钟频率：s3c24xx_init_clocks(12000000);
- 依bootloader修改NAND分区
```
static struct mtd_partition lxa2440_default_nand_part[] __initdata = {
[0] = {
.name = "Boot",
.size = 0x01000000,
.offset = 0,
},
[1] = {
.name = "MyApp",
.size = 0x003c0000,
.offset = 0x00140000,
},
[2] = {
.name = "Kernel",
.size = 0x00300000,
.offset = 0x00500000,
},
[3] = {
.name = "fs_yaffs",
.offset = 0x00800000,
.size = 0x03c00000,
},
[4] = {
.name = "WINCE",
.offset = 0x04400000,
.size = 0x03c00000,
}
};
```
添加LCD配置，我用的是4.3寸屏
在static struct s3c2410fb_display lxa2440_lcd_cfg[] 末加入新增配置如下[4] = { .type = (S3C2410_LCDCON1_TFT | S3C2410_LCDCON1_TFT24BPP), .width = 480, .height = 272, .pixclock = 40000, /*这个不会算，所以就直接一个个填了没用宏定义 */ .xres = 480, .yres = 272, .bpp = 32, .left_margin = 2, .right_margin = 2, .hsync_len = 41, .upper_margin = 2, .lower_margin = 2, .vsync_len = 10, .lcdcon5 = (S3C2410_LCDCON5_FRM565 | S3C2410_LCDCON5_INVVLINE | S3C2410_LCDCON5_INVVFRAME | S3C2410_LCDCON5_HWSWP | S3C2410_LCDCON5_PWREN), },然后修改lxa2440_features_str变量
/* * lxa2440_features string * * t = Touchscreen present * b = backlight control * c = camera [TODO] * 0-9 LCD configuration * */ static char lxa2440_features_str[12] __initdata = "4t";由下面的代码也可知，也可以通过bootloader的启动参数设置（lxa2440=4），
static int __init lxa2440_features_setup(char *str) { if (str) strlcpy(lxa2440_features_str, str, sizeof(lxa2440_features_str)); return 1; } __setup("lxa2440=", lxa2440_features_setup);//由__setup定义都可以通过command line传递参数添加触摸设备
- 添加头文件：#include < plat/ts.h > //新片内核以更改了位置
添加s3c2410_ts_mach_info结构
static struct s3c2410_ts_mach_info lxa2440_ts_info = { .delay = 10000, //延时 .presc = 49, //预分频 .oversampling_shift = 2,//采样次数 2的2次方 };在初始化
lxa2440_init(void)中初始化触摸设备s3c24xx_ts_set_platdata(&lxa2440_ts_info);修改
lxa2440_parse_features中的case ‘t’,添加触摸设备s3c_device_ts，case 't': if(features->done & FEATURE_TOUCH) printk(KERN_INFO "LXA2440: '%c' ignored, " "touchscreen not compiled in\n", f); else { features->optional[features->count++] = &s3c_device_ts; } features->done |= FEATURE_TOUCH; break;在
static struct platform_device *lxa2440_devices[]中添加adc设备&s3c_device_adc
三、make menuconfig 配置内核
- 3.1首先更改System Type,选中我们添加的LXA2440设备
System Type –>SAMSUNG S3C24XX SoCs Support —> S3C2440 Boards –>[*] LXA2440 development board,勾除MINI2440 - 3.2 更改下Kernel Features ，勾上
[*] Provide old way to pass kernel parameters //不同版本位置稍有区别,4.0.0之后的版本好像是在boot option里
因为飞凌的bootloader版本旧，不兼容会导致卡死在Uncompressing 那里。具体分析可看我另一篇 基于FL2440的3.6.6内核移植出现Uncompressing Linux… done, booting the kernel. - 添加 触摸驱动
Device Drivers->Input device support —> [] Touchscreens —> <> Samsung S3C2410/generic touchscreen input driver - 退出保存
四、编译下载
make clean
make zImage本方法同样适用于4.4.16 ,在4.5.4版本中移植网络有问题,无法NFS启动.照理说只有添加网卡平台设备就行了,可怎么也link up 不了,
五、参考文章
3.1 本移植记录是参考基于S3C2440的linux-3.6.6移植——内核移植，建立自己的平台系统，在此感谢
3.2 kernel内核中处理器类型的定义mach-types.h文件的生成
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