猿创征文 | 国产数据库之南大通用数据库详解安装和使用

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于 2022-10-13 11:50:11 首次发布

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文章目录

1、南大通用数据库简介
2、南大通用数据库特性简介
3、南大通用数据库功能简介
4、南大通用数据库安装
5、安装

1、南大通用数据库简介

南大通用是国家级高新技术企业，国家规划布局内重点软件企业，已连续多年被工信部下辖的赛迪顾问评为国产数据库领军企业。

截至目前，南大通用自研的GBASE系列数据库已经为金融、电信、政务、能源、交通、国防、企事业等领域上万家用户提供了产品和服务，部署节点数超过30000个，管理数据总量超过300PB。

2、南大通用数据库特性简介

GBase 8s是一款支持集中式部署、共享存储高可用部署、两地三中心部署的、成熟稳定的百TB容量的国产数据库。

最高安全等级

GBase 8s通过了等保四级、商密、电科院评测等多种标准的相关测试，并获得了相关的资质，具有数据保密、权限控制、抗攻击、用户行为追踪等安全功能；支持数据存储加密和通讯加密，支持软件加密、密码卡加密等多种加密方式，支持国际主流密码算法和国产密码算法，支持三权分立。
分布式关系型数据库

GBase 8s可构建基于共享存储的数据库集群，节点数最多支持 64 个。支持本地事务及分布式事务，保证全局事务一致性的前提下，提高事务处理性能。支持 Range、List、Hash 多种数据分布策略。
金融级高可用

GBase 8s具备丰富的高可用能力，支持同机房共享存储（SSC）或主备高可用灾备（HAC）能力，RPO=0，RTO<20秒；同城主备容灾高可用（HAC）能力，RPO=0，RTO<30秒；异地灾备高可用（RHAC）能力，RPO<100s，RTO<5分钟等解决方案，故障秒级切换，高可用等级99.999%。支持两地三中心高可用部署，远程容灾距离可达1000公里以上。支持数据库集群异地双活能力，保证双活集群间的数据一致性。所有的高可用能力均内置于数据库服务自身，不需要部署第三方组件，提升高可用方案的稳定性，降低维护成本。
共享存储高可用

GBase 8s支持共享存储高可用，解决用户关键业务中非常关心的数据高可用问题，支持故障自动秒级切换。支持节点数达16个，用户可通过增加节点数，实现读性能近线性提升。
SQL语法广泛兼容

GBase 8s长期持续完善主流数据库语法兼容，支持更广泛的、与多种主流数据库语法兼容的SQL使用方法，最大限度的复用用户和开发人员的数据库经验，降低产品使用门槛。
国际、国内标准

GBase 8s兼容SQL92/99标准，支持JDBC、ODBC、.NET、GCI(OCI/OCCI)、Python接口等标准开发接口。支持GB18030-2000、UTF8、BIG5等多种字符集。
简单易用

GBase 8s提供丰富管理工具，支持图形化安装、管理、开发。支持B/S架构的数据库监控工具，用于实时监控数据库状态、资源消耗状况、数据库健康状况检查等。
低成本迁移

GBase 8s为客户提供了多层次的迁移能力支持。GBase 8s内置了多达150项主流数据库兼容语法，满足应用的无更改迁移需求。GBase 8s提供了多种迁移工具和实时同步工具，为应用迁移及试运行过程中的业务准确性及稳定性保驾护航。
完备的国产生态

GBase 8s已完成对全部国产平台的深度适配工作，支持鲲鹏、飞腾、龙芯、申威、兆芯、海光等系列的CPU。已完成全部主流国产操作系统的适配，包括统信UOS V20、麒麟（中标麒麟V7、银河麒麟及麒麟V10）、中标普华、凝思磐石、万里红、中科方德、浪潮K-UX等。
良好的技术生态

GBase 8s产品持续跟踪主流开发框架，构建产品良好的技术生态。支持的开发框架包括：Hibernate、Mybatis、Activiti、XORM、EFCore、SQLAlchemy等；支持C/C++、Java、C#、Python、Perl、COBOL等多种开发语言；支持东方通、中创、金蝶等多种国产中间件。

3、南大通用数据库功能简介

功能	详细说明
数据类型	支持字符、数字、日期、二进制、布尔、大对象等丰富的数据类型。
标准支持	兼容 SOL-92／99 标准，支持ODBC、JDBC、ADO．NET、GCI（OCI／OCCI）、Python 接口等标准接口。
事务管理	支持事务ACID特性。支持的隔离级别：脏读、提交读（Committed Read）、可重复读（Repeatable Read）；
锁机制	支持排他锁、共享锁、提升锁，支持数据库、表、页、行、字节锁、字节范围锁、键锁等多级别的锁机制。
可靠性	支持多种方式的数据备份、故障恢复；支持在线备份，从而实现产品的不间断运行。
大数据量	支持复杂数据类型和超大规模的数据量；支持百 TB级数据存储管理，满足用户的应用需求。
数据存储管理	提供了方便可靠的数据文件、日志文件的存储管理工具。
模式对象管理	提供了针对数据表、索引、视图、数据约束、存储过程、触发器等模式对象管理工具。
安全性	支持身份鉴别、自主访问控制、数据存储加密、数据通讯加密、安全审计。支持摘要函数，该函数使用SM3国密算法。
可用性	支持主备、共享存储、远程灾备等高可用部署方式。支持两地三中心高可用部署，距离可达1000公里以上。支持自动切换，支持读写分离。
扩展性	支持存储计算分离，支持计算、存储节点水平扩展，最大节点数支持64个。
数据分布策略	分布式架构支持HASH、RANGE、LIST等多种数据分布方式。
外围工具	支持企业管理器、监控工具、迁移工具、实时同步工具等。
开发语言	.NET、C、C＋＋、C＃、Java、PHP、Cobol、Perl、Python等。
开发框架	Hibernate、Mybatis、Activiti、XORM、EFCore、SQLAIchemy.
兼容性	兼容主流数据库 SQL语法，兼容存储过程、存储函数等过程化语言。

4、南大通用数据库安装

1、软件下载地址

链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Dn4jq2_TseBOgK_FSQYxRg 提取码: 52vf

2、硬件要求

硬件	最低配置	推荐配置
处理器	1×2 核 2.0GHz	4×4 核 3.0GHz
内存	4GB	64GB 或更多
硬盘	100GB	1TB

3、安装准备

创建 gbasedbt 组和用户

在启动安装过程之前，必须准备系统以确保您有足够权限来执行安装。

您必须以 root 用户身份登录才能执行许多与安装有关的任务。同时要求服务器操作系统

上具有 gbasedbt 组和 gbasedbt 用户。

登录系统后可以执行以下命令创建 gbasedbt 组和 gbasedbt 用户：
```
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd gbasedbt

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g gbasedbt gbasedbt
```
为 gbasedbt 用户设置密码，密码为 gbasedbt：
```
[root@localhost ~]# passwd gbasedbt
```
创建 GBase 8s 数据库安装目录

GBase 8s 数据库缺省的安装目录为 /opt/GBASE/gbase，并且此文件夹必须为空。
```
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /opt/GBASE/gbase

[root@localhost ~]# chown gbasedbt:gbasedbt /opt/GBASE/gbase
```
上传并解压安装包

将产品安装光盘插入光驱，取出光盘中 Setup 目录下的文件，复制到本地目录 /opt。

Setup目录中包含 GBase 8s 产品的安装包文件，该文件通常是形如

GBase8sV8.8_AEE_3.0.0_1_UOS_KP920.tar 的压缩文件。

在本手册中，以 GBase8sV8.8_AEE_3.0.0_1_UOS_KP920.tar为例进行安装说明。

解压该 tar 包，解压命令为：tar –vxf filename.tar。
```
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt

[root@localhost opt]# tar -vxf

GBase8sV8.8_AEE_3.1.0_1_UOS_KP920.tar

ids_install

onsecurity

ids.properties

.gbase.properties
```

5、安装

您可以通过使用典型安装设置来快速安装 GBase 8s 及其所有功能部件。

缺省情况下，典型安装设置将创建为您的主机环境配置的即时可用的数据库服务器实例。

但是，您可以禁用安装应用程序中的创建服务器实例选项。

以 root 身份登录，进入解压目录，执行要安装的产品的安装脚本 ids_install，即可进行安

装，具体命令如下：

[root@localhost /]# cd /opt

[root@localhost opt]# sh ids_install

执行安装过程中，安装程序先检查系统环境，如果系统没有安装JDK，那么安装包会先解

压JDK，自动安装到该系统中。如果已经安装，那么将显示产品的授权条款，并等待确认

是否接受这些版权条款。

具体安装过程示例如下：

[root@localhost opt]# sh ids_install

Preparing to install...

Extracting the JRE from the installer archive...

Unpacking the JRE...

Extracting the installation resources from the installer archive...

Configuring the installer for this system's environment...

Launching installer...

==========================================================================
=====

GBase Software Bundle (created with InstallAnywhere)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----

Preparing CONSOLE Mode Installation...

==========================================================================
=====

Getting Started


---------------

This application will guide you through the installation of GBase

Software

Bundle.

Copyright General Data Corporation 2014, 2019. All rights reserved.

1. Release Notes

The Release Notes can be found in /opt/doc/ids_unix_relnotes_12.10.html.

2. Launch Information Center

Access the GBase Information Center at 

To Begin Installation, respond to each prompt to proceed to the next step

in

the installation.

If you want to change something on a previous step, type 'back'.

You may cancel this installation at any time by typing 'quit'.

PRESS <ENTER> TO CONTINUE:

=======================================================================

License Agreement

-----------------

Installation and Use of GBase 8s Software Bundle Requires Acceptance of

the Following License Agreement:

Thank you for choosing GBase product!

Please read carefully the following licencing agreement before installing

any

product: TIANJIN GENERAL DATA TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. LICENSE AGREEMENT

READ THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT AND ANY PROVIDED SUPPLEMENTAL

LICENSETERMS

(COLLECTIVELY "AGREEMENT") CAREFULLY BEFORE OPENING THE SOFTWAREMEDIA

PACKAGE.

BY OPENING THE SOFTWARE MEDIA PACKAGE, YOU AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS

AGREEMENT. IF YOU ARE ACCESSING THE SOFTWARE ELECTRONICALLY, INDICATE

YOUR

ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL THESE TERMS,

PROMPTLY

RETURN THE UNUSED SOFTWARE TO YOUR PLACE OF PURCHASE FOR A REFUND.

1. LICENSE TO USE. GeneralData grants you a non-exclusive and nontransferable

license for the internal use only of the accompanying software and

documentation and any error corrections provided by

GeneralData(collectively

"Software"), by the number of users and the class of computer hardware

for

which the corresponding fee has been paid.

2. RESTRICTIONS. Software is confidential and copyrighted. Title to

Software

and all associated intellectual property rights is retained by

GeneralData

and/or its licensors. Except as specifically authorized in any

Supplemental

License Terms, you may not make copies of Software, other than a single

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GeneralData disclaims any express or implied warranty of fitness for such

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warranty of merchantability, fitness for aparticular purpose or

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disclaimers

are held to be legally invalid.

4. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. To the extent not prohibited by law, in no

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will GeneralData or its licensors be liable for any lost revenue, profit

or

data, or for special, indirect, consequential,incidental orpunitive

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however caused regardless of the theory of liability, arising out of or 
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The foregoing limitations will apply even if the above stated warranty 
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DO YOU ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT? (Y/N): Y

输入”Y”接受授权条款，按回车键继续。

1、指定安装路径
根据界面提示确认默认安装路径 /opt/GBASE/gbase,并回车。

=======================================================================

Installation Location

---------------------

Choose location for software installation

Default Install Folder: /opt/GBASE/gbase


ENTER AN ABSOLUTE PATH, OR PRESS <ENTER> TO ACCEPT THE DEFAULT:

2、选择安装类型

==========================================================================
=====

Installation or Distribution

----------------------------

Select the installation type.

Typical: Install the database server with all features and a database

server

that

is configured with default values. Includes:

** Client Software Development Kit (CSDK)

** Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)


Minimum disk space required: 700-800MB

Custom: Install the database server with specific features and software 
that 
you need.

Optionally install a configured database server instance.

Minimum disk space required: 75 MB (without a server instance)

->1- Typical installation

2- Custom installation

3- Extract the product files (-DLEGACY option)

4- Create a RPM package for redistribution

ENTER THE NUMBER FOR YOUR CHOICE, OR PRESS <ENTER> TO ACCEPT THE DEFAULT::

1

使用默认安装选项 1，直接回车，进行典型安装。

3、创建实例

系统提示是否创建一个实例，默认选项 1 为创建，直接回车，创建一个实例。

4、选择数据库用户数

选择实例预期要支持的数据库用户数，默认选项为 1，直接回车继续。

=======================================================================

Configuration - Number of Users

-------------------------------

Select the number of expected database users.

->1- 1 - 100

2- 101 - 500

3- 501 - 1000

4- 1000+

ENTER THE NUMBER FOR YOUR CHOICE, OR PRESS <ENTER> TO ACCEPT THE DEFAULT::

5、配置结束，点击回车进行安装。

=======================================================================

Ready To Install

----------------

InstallAnywhere is now ready to install GBase 8s Software Bundle onto your

system at the following location:

/opt/GBASE/gbase

PRESS <ENTER> TO INSTALL:

=======================================================================

Installing...

=======================================================================

Server Instance Creation

------------------------

Create a server instance?

->1- Yes - create an instance

2- No - do not create an instance

ENTER THE NUMBER FOR YOUR CHOICE, OR PRESS <ENTER> TO ACCEPT THE DEFAULT::

[==================|==================|==================|===============]


[------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------

-]

=======================================================================

Server Initialization

---------------------

The server will now be initialized. Initialization might take quite a

while,

depending on the performance of your computer.

PRESS <ENTER> TO CONTINUE:

安装后会提示将进行数据库实例的初始化，按回车继续。

6、数据库实例创建成功并使用，点击回车后继续。

==========================================================================

=====

Using the new instance

----------------------

A database server instance was created. If you chose to initialize the

instance, it is ready to use.

You can open a command prompt to an initialized instance by running one of

the

following commands at /opt/GBASE/gbase, where ol_gbasedbt1210 is the path

or

filename of the instance.

Windows:

ol_gbasedbt1210.cmd

UNIX csh:

source ol_gbasedbt1210.csh

UNIX ksh or bourne:

./ol_gbasedbt1210.ksh

If initialization fails, check the online.log file for messages. The

instance's

root chunk must be owned by the correct user and group, and it must have

readable and writable (rw) permission bits set only for owner and group.

PRESS <ENTER> TO CONTINUE:

7、安装完成，回车后退出安装程序。

==========================================================================

=====

Installation Complete

---------------------

Congratulations! GBase Software Bundle installation is complete.

Product install status:

GBase: Successful

GBase Connect: Successful

Main Version: GBase 8s V8.7


For more information about using GBase products, see the GBase Information

Center at 

PRESS <ENTER> TO EXIT THE INSTALLER:

8、配置环境变量

在使用 GBase 8s 数据库服务前需要设置几个环境变量。可以把安装目录下的

ol_gbasedbt1210.ksh 文件的内容追加到 gbasedbt 用户主目录下的 .bash_profile文件中，以

便于 gbasedbt 用户在登录后即自动应用这些环境变量。

如果要把 GBase 8s 安装目录下的 ol_gbasedbt1210.ksh 文件的内容追加到 gbasedbt 用户

主目录下的 .bash_profile 文件中，可以执行以下命令：

[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/GBASE/gbase

[root@localhost gbase]# cat ol_gbasedbt1210.ksh >>

/home/gbasedbt/.bash_profile

[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/gbasedbt/

[root@localhost ~]# source .bash_profile

配置完毕后，即可使用 GBase 8s 数据库。