Knights of Ni(bfs)

Knights of Ni

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 1511		Accepted: 682

Description

Bessie is in Camelot and has encountered a sticky situation: she needs to pass through the forest that is guarded by the Knights of Ni. In order to pass through safely, the Knights have demanded that she bring them a single shrubbery. Time is of the essence, and Bessie must find and bring them a shrubbery as quickly as possible.

Bessie has a map of of the forest, which is partitioned into a square grid arrayed in the usual manner, with axes parallel to the X and Y axes. The map is W x H units in size (1 <= W <= 1000; 1 <= H <= 1000).

The map shows where Bessie starts her quest, the single square where the Knights of Ni are, and the locations of all the shrubberies of the land. It also shows which areas of the map can be traverse (some grid blocks are impassable because of swamps, cliffs, and killer rabbits). Bessie can not pass through the Knights of Ni square without a shrubbery.

In order to make sure that she follows the map correctly, Bessie can only move in four directions: North, East, South, or West (i.e., NOT diagonally). She requires one day to complete a traversal from one grid block to a neighboring grid block.

It is guaranteed that Bessie will be able to obtain a shrubbery and then deliver it to the Knights of Ni. Determine the quickest way for her to do so.

Input

Line 1: Two space-separated integers: W and H.

Lines 2..?: These lines describe the map, row by row. The first line describes the most northwest part of the map; the last line describes the most southeast part of the map. Successive integers in the input describe columns of the map from west to east. Each new row of a map's description starts on a new input line, and each input line contains no more than 40 space-separated integers. If W <= 40, then each input line describes a complete row of the map. If W > 40, then more than one line is used to describe a single row, 40 integers on each line except potentially the last one. No input line ever describes elements of more than one row.

The integers that describe the map come from this set:
0: Square through which Bessie can travel
1: Impassable square that Bessie cannot traverse
2: Bessie's starting location
3: Location of the Knights of Ni
4: Location of a shrubbery

Output

Line 1: D, the minimum number of days it will take Bessie to reach a shrubbery and bring it to the Knights of Ni.

Sample Input

8 4
4 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
0 2 1 1 3 0 4 0
0 0 0 4 1 1 1 0

Sample Output

11

Hint

Explanation of the sample:

Width=8, height=4. Bessie starts on the third row, only a few squares away from the Knights.

Bessie can move in this pattern to get a shrubbery for the Knights: N, W, N, S, E, E, N, E, E, S, S. She gets the shrubbery in the northwest corner and then makes her away around the barriers to the east and then south to the Knights.

Source

USACO 2005 December Silver

题意：从2点出发先经过4再到3，期间1为不可逾越的障碍物，问最少要走几步

题解：双向BFS,到map[b.x][b.y]==4时停止搜索

#include<cstdio>
#include<queue>
#include<cstring>
#define min(a,b) (a<b?a:b)
const int M=1010;
int map[M][M];
int mark1[M][M],mark2[M][M];
int move[4][2]={{1,0},{0,1},{-1,0},{0,-1}};//位移数组
int m,n,i,j,res;
struct node
{
    int x,y;
}a,b,Be,Ni;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    while(scanf("%d%d",&m,&n)!=EOF)
    {
        for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=m;j++)
         {
             scanf("%d",&map[i][j]);
             mark1[i][j]=mark2[i][j]=0;
             if(map[i][j]==2)
              Be.x=i,Be.y=j;
             if(map[i][j]==3)
              Ni.x=i,Ni.y=j;
         }
         queue<node>Q;
         //memset(mark1,0,sizeof(mark1));
         Q.push(Be);
         while(!Q.empty())
         {
             a=Q.front(),Q.pop();
             for(i=0;i<4;i++)
             {
                 b.x=a.x+move[i][0],b.y=a.y+move[i][1];
                 if(b.x>=1&&b.x<=n&&b.y>=1&&b.y<=m&&!mark1[b.x][b.y]&&map[b.x][b.y]!=1)
                 {
                     mark1[b.x][b.y]=mark1[a.x][a.y]+1;
                     Q.push(b);
                 }
             }
         }
         res=n*m;
         //memset(mark2,0,sizeof(mark2));
         Q.push(Ni);
         while(!Q.empty())
         {
             a=Q.front(),Q.pop();
             for(i=0;i<4;i++)
             {
                 b.x=a.x+move[i][0],b.y=a.y+move[i][1];
                 if(b.x>=1&&b.x<=n&&b.y>=1&&b.y<=m&&!mark2[b.x][b.y]&&map[b.x][b.y]!=1)
                 {
                     mark2[b.x][b.y]=mark2[a.x][a.y]+1;
                     Q.push(b);
                     if(map[b.x][b.y]==4)
                      res=min(res,(mark2[b.x][b.y]+mark1[b.x][b.y]));
                 }
             }
         }
        printf("%d\n",res);
    }
    return 0;
}