字典,
初始化:dictionary= {}
增加键值: dictionary[newKey]=newValue
删除键值: del dictionary[key]
遍历1:for-in
for key in dictionary:
print(key + ":" + dictionary[key])
遍历2:values()
for value in dictionary.values():
print(value)
遍历3:keys()
for key in dictionary.keys():
print(key)
遍历4:items()
for item in dictionary.items():
print(item)
遍历5:key:value
for item,value in password.items():
print(item,value)
判断key是否属于一个字典变量,使用 "in" 或 "not in"
字典支持基本运算符:== 、!=、and、or、not,但不支持 + 、*
使用字典的代码示例,输入文件名称,绘制文件内词频的柱状图(文件为英文,便于统计处理)。代码:
# dictionary1.py
#encoding=utf-8
import turtle
##全局变量##
#词频排列显示个数
count = 10
#单词词频率数组-作为y轴数据
data = []
#单词数组-作为x轴数据
words = []
#y轴显示放大倍数-可以根据词频数量进行调节
yScale = 12
#x轴显示放大倍数-可以根据count数量进行调节
xScale = 30
################# Turtle Start #################
#从点(x1,y1)到(x2,y2)绘制线段
def drawLine(t,x1,y1,x2,y2):
t.penup()
t.goto(x1,y1)
t.pendown()
t.goto(x2,y2)
#在坐标(x,y)处写参数
def drawText(t,x,y,text):
t.penup()
t.goto(x,y)
t.pendown()
t.write(text)
def drawGraph(t):
#绘制x/y轴线
drawLine(t,0,0,360,0)
drawLine(t,0,300,0,0)
#x轴:坐标及描述
for x in range(count):
x=x+1#向右移动一位,为例不画在原点上
drawText(t,x*xScale-4,-20,(words[x-1]))
drawText(t,x*xScale-4,data[x-1]*yScale+10,data[x-1])
drawBar(t)
#绘制一个柱体
def drawRectangle(t,x,y):
x = x*xScale
y = y *yScale#放大倍数
drawLine(t,x-5,0,x-5,y)
drawLine(t,x-5,y,x+5,y)
drawLine(t,x+5,y,x+5,0)
drawLine(t,x+5,0,x-5,0)
#绘制多个柱体
def drawBar(t):
for i in range(count):
drawRectangle(t,i+1,data[i])
turtle.done()
################# Turtle end #################
# 词频统计
def processLine(line,wordCounts):
#用空格替换标点符号
line = replacePunctuations(line)
#从每一行获取每个词
words = line.split()
for word in words:
if word in wordCounts:
wordCounts[word] += 1
else:
wordCounts[word] = 1
#空格替换标点的函数
def replacePunctuations(line):
for ch in line:
if ch in "~@#$%^&*()_-+=<>?/,.:;{}[]|\'\'‘“”":
line = line.replace(ch,"")
return line
def main():
#用户输入一个文件名
filename = input("enter a filename:").strip()
infile = open(filename,"r")
#建立用于词频的空字典
wordCounts = {}
for line in infile:
processLine(line.lower(),wordCounts)#lower()首字母改为小写,便于词频统计
#词频统计
#从字典中获取数据对
pairs = list(wordCounts.items())
#列表中的数据对交换位置,数据对排序
items = [[x,y]for (y,x)in pairs]
items.sort()
#输出count个数词频结果
for i in range(len(items)-1,len(items)-count-1,-1):
print(items[i][1]+"\t"+str(items[i][0]))
data.append(items[i][0])
words.append(items[i][1])
infile.close()
#根据词频结果绘制柱状图
turtle.title('词频结果柱状图')
turtle.setup(900,750,0,0)
t = turtle.Turtle()
t.hideturtle()
t.width(3)
drawGraph(t)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()