PHPUnit是什么?
它是一款轻量级的php测试框架
为什么要用PHPUnit?
1. facebook在用
2. 可以通过命令操控测试脚本
3. 可以测试性能
4. 可以测试代码覆盖率
5. 可以自动化的更新测试用例的参数数据
6. 各种格式的日志
6. 最最重要的是,功能如此炫,使用起来还特别简单
PHPUnit的安装
pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de
pear install phpunit/PHPUnit
快速入门
<?php
require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php';
class ArrayTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
public function testNewArrayIsEmpty()
{
// 创建数组fixture。
$fixture = array();
// 断言数组fixture的尺寸是0。
$this->assertEquals(0, sizeof($fixture));
}
}
?>
1. ArrayTest为测试类
2. ArrayTest 继承于PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
3.测试方法testNewArrayIsEmpty(),测试方法必须为public权限,一般以test开头,或者你也可以选择给其加注释@test来表明该函数为测试函数
/**
* @test
*/
public function testNewArrayIsEmpty()
{
$fixture = array();
$this->assertEquals(0, sizeof($fixture));
}
命令行启动测试
phpunit 测试文件名,此处为要测试ArrayTest.php文件
phpunit ArrayTest
PHPUnit 3.2.10 by Sebastian Bergmann.
..
Time: 0 seconds
OK (2 tests)
命令行参数
phpunit --help
PHPUnit 3.2.10 by Sebastian Bergmann.
Usage: phpunit [switches] UnitTest [UnitTest.php]
--log-graphviz <file> Log test execution in GraphViz markup.
--log-json <file> Log test execution in JSON format.
--log-tap <file> Log test execution in TAP format to file.
--log-xml <file> Log test execution in XML format to file.
--log-metrics <file> Write metrics report in XML format.
--log-pmd <file> Write violations report in PMD XML format.
--coverage-html <dir> Generate code coverage report in HTML format.
--coverage-xml <file> Write code coverage information in XML format.
--test-db-dsn <dsn> DSN for the test database.
--test-db-log-rev <r> Revision information for database logging.
--test-db-prefix ... Prefix that should be stripped from filenames.
--test-db-log-info ... Additional information for database logging.
--testdox-html <file> Write agile documentation in HTML format to file.
--testdox-text <file> Write agile documentation in Text format to file.
--filter <pattern> Filter which tests to run.
--group ... Only runs tests from the specified group(s).
--exclude-group ... Exclude tests from the specified group(s).
--loader <loader> TestSuiteLoader implementation to use.
--repeat <times> Runs the test(s) repeatedly.
--tap Report test execution progress in TAP format.
--testdox Report test execution progress in TestDox format.
--no-syntax-check Disable syntax check of test source files.
--stop-on-failure Stop execution upon first error or failure.
--verbose Output more verbose information.
--wait Waits for a keystroke after each test.
--skeleton Generate skeleton UnitTest class for Unit in Unit.php.
--help Prints this usage information.
--version Prints the version and exits.
--configuration <file> Read configuration from XML file.
-d key[=value] Sets a php.ini value.
高级功能
你是否已经厌烦了在每一个测试方法命名前面加一个test,是否因为只是调用的参数不同,却要写多个测试用例而纠结?我最喜欢的高级功能,现在隆重推荐给你,叫做框架生成器
<?php
class Calculator
{
public function add($a, $b)
{
return $a + $b;
}
}
?>
命令行启动测试用例
phpunit --skeleton Calculator
PHPUnit 3.2.10 by Sebastian Bergmann.
Wrote test class skeleton for Calculator to CalculatorTest.php.
简单么?简单,但是它其实没有什么意义,因为没有测试数据,怎样加数据,哦哦哦,重头戏来了
<?php
class Calculator
{
/**
* @assert (0, 0) == 0
* @assert (0, 1) == 1
* @assert (1, 0) == 1
* @assert (1, 1) == 2
*/
public function add($a, $b)
{
return $a + $b;
}
}
?>
原始类中的每个方法都进行@assert注解的检测。这些被转变为测试代码,像这样
/**
* Generated from @assert (0, 0) == 0.
*/
public function testAdd() {
$o = new Calculator;
$this->assertEquals(0, $o->add(0, 0));
}
下面是运行生成的测试用例类的输出。
phpunit CalculatorTest
PHPUnit 3.2.10 by Sebastian Bergmann.
....
Time: 0 seconds
OK (4 tests)