1、 搭建集群
首先搭建和维护一个高效的 Elasticsearch 搜索引擎集群,为了优化中文搜索体验,集成 IK 分词器,显著提升搜索精度。
2、设计爬虫程序
该程序定时从网站抓取最新内容,并将其索引至 Elasticsearch中,确保了搜索数据的即时更新。(支持深度控制,防止页面链接回环)
3、设计搜索查询功能
包括基于点击量和内容相关性的复合排序算法,以便用户能够获得最优质的搜索结果。
4、设计动态更新词典机制
确保词典可以更新,并实现在不中断服务的情况下重建索引的功能,确保了搜索引擎在更新过程中的稳定性和可用性。(使用别名重建索引)
5、爬虫程序示例
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jsoup</groupId>
<artifactId>jsoup</artifactId>
<version>1.13.1</version>
</dependency>
5.1、深度优先
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class SimpleWebCrawler {
private Set<String> visitedUrls = new HashSet<>();
private int maxDepth;
public SimpleWebCrawler(int maxDepth) {
this.maxDepth = maxDepth;
}
public void crawl(String seedUrl, int currentDepth) {
if (currentDepth > maxDepth || visitedUrls.contains(seedUrl)) {
return;
}
try {
Document doc = Jsoup.connect(seedUrl).get();
saveHtmlPage(seedUrl, doc);
visitedUrls.add(seedUrl);
if (currentDepth < maxDepth) {
Elements links = doc.select("a[href]");
for (Element link : links) {
String nextUrl = link.absUrl("href");
crawl(nextUrl, currentDepth + 1);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Error fetching URL: " + seedUrl);
}
}
public void saveHtmlPage(String url, Document doc) {
String fileName = "saved_pages/" + url.replaceFirst("^(http[s]?://www\\.|http[s]?://|www\\.)", "").replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z0-9]", "_") + ".html";
try {
Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("saved_pages"));
Files.write(Paths.get(fileName), doc.outerHtml().getBytes());
System.out.println("Saved: " + fileName);
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Error saving HTML page: " + fileName);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String seedUrl = "http://example.com"; // 替换为你的种子URL
SimpleWebCrawler crawler = new SimpleWebCrawler(3); // 设置爬取深度为3
crawler.crawl(seedUrl, 0);
}
}
5.2、广度优先
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Set;
public class SimpleWebCrawlerBFS {
private Set<String> visitedUrls = new HashSet<>();
private int maxDepth;
private Queue<UrlDepthPair> queue = new LinkedList<>();
public SimpleWebCrawlerBFS(int maxDepth) {
this.maxDepth = maxDepth;
}
public void crawl(String seedUrl) {
queue.add(new UrlDepthPair(seedUrl, 0));
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
UrlDepthPair current = queue.poll();
String currentUrl = current.url;
int currentDepth = current.depth;
if (currentDepth > maxDepth || visitedUrls.contains(currentUrl)) {
continue;
}
try {
Document doc = Jsoup.connect(currentUrl).get();
saveHtmlPage(currentUrl, doc);
visitedUrls.add(currentUrl);
if (currentDepth < maxDepth) {
Elements links = doc.select("a[href]");
for (Element link : links) {
String nextUrl = link.absUrl("href");
if (!visitedUrls.contains(nextUrl)) {
queue.add(new UrlDepthPair(nextUrl, currentDepth + 1));
}
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Error fetching URL: " + currentUrl);
}
}
}
public void saveHtmlPage(String url, Document doc) {
// Same as before...
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Same as before...
}
private static class UrlDepthPair {
String url;
int depth;
public UrlDepthPair(String url, int depth) {
this.url = url;
this.depth = depth;
}
}
}
请确保你有合适的权限访问目标网站,并且遵守robots.txt
文件中的爬虫规则及网站的服务条款。此外,应该添加合理的延迟(例如使用Thread.sleep
)以避免对网站服务器造成不必要的负载。
要完全遵守robots.txt
的规则,你可能需要使用更完整的解决方案,如Google的google-robotstxt
库或Apache的crawler-commons
库,它们能够解析并遵守robots.txt
文件的详细规则。