使用HttpUrlConnection模拟post表单进行文件上传平时很少使用,比较麻烦。
原理是: 分析文件上传的数据格式,然后根据格式构造相应的发送给服务器的字符串。
格式如下:这里的httppost123是我自己构造的字符串,可以是其他任何的字符串
----------httppost123 (\r\n)
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="img"; filename="t.txt" (\r\n)
Content-Type: application/octet-stream (\r\n)
(\r\n)
sdfsdfsdfsdfsdf (\r\n)
----------httppost123 (\r\n)
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="text" (\r\n)
(\r\n)
text tttt (\r\n)
----------httppost123-- (\r\n)
(\r\n)
上面的(\r\n)表示各个数据必须以(\r\n)结尾。
具体Java代码如下:
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.imageio.ImageReader;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
public class HttpPostUtil {
URL url;
HttpURLConnection conn;
String boundary = "--------httppost123";
Map<String, String> textParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
Map<String, File> fileparams = new HashMap<String, File>();
DataOutputStream ds;
public HttpPostUtil(String url) throws Exception {
this.url = new URL(url);
}
//重新设置要请求的服务器地址,即上传文件的地址。
public void setUrl(String url) throws Exception {
this.url = new URL(url);
}
//增加一个普通字符串数据到form表单数据中
public void addTextParameter(String name, String value) {
textParams.put(name, value);
}
//增加一个文件到form表单数据中
public void addFileParameter(String name, File value) {
fileparams.put(name, value);
}
// 清空所有已添加的form表单数据
public void clearAllParameters() {
textParams.clear();
fileparams.clear();
}
// 发送数据到服务器,返回一个字节包含服务器的返回结果的数组
public byte[] send() throws Exception {
initConnection();
try {
conn.connect();
} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
// something
throw new RuntimeException();
}
ds = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
writeFileParams();
writeStringParams();
paramsEnd();
InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
int b;
while ((b = in.read()) != -1) {
out.write(b);
}
conn.disconnect();
return out.toByteArray();
}
//文件上传的connection的一些必须设置
private void initConnection() throws Exception {
conn = (HttpURLConnection) this.url.openConnection();
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
conn.setConnectTimeout(10000); //连接超时为10秒
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
"multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
}
//普通字符串数据
private void writeStringParams() throws Exception {
Set<String> keySet = textParams.keySet();
for (Iterator<String> it = keySet.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
String name = it.next();
String value = textParams.get(name);
ds.writeBytes("--" + boundary + "\r\n");
ds.writeBytes("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name
+ "\"\r\n");
ds.writeBytes("\r\n");
ds.writeBytes(encode(value) + "\r\n");
}
}
//文件数据
private void writeFileParams() throws Exception {
Set<String> keySet = fileparams.keySet();
for (Iterator<String> it = keySet.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
String name = it.next();
File value = fileparams.get(name);
ds.writeBytes("--" + boundary + "\r\n");
ds.writeBytes("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name
+ "\"; filename=\"" + encode(value.getName()) + "\"\r\n");
ds.writeBytes("Content-Type: " + getContentType(value) + "\r\n");
ds.writeBytes("\r\n");
ds.write(getBytes(value));
ds.writeBytes("\r\n");
}
}
//获取文件的上传类型,图片格式为image/png,image/jpg等。非图片为application/octet-stream
private String getContentType(File f) throws Exception {
// return "application/octet-stream"; // 此行不再细分是否为图片,全部作为application/octet-stream 类型
ImageInputStream imagein = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(f);
if (imagein == null) {
return "application/octet-stream";
}
Iterator<ImageReader> it = ImageIO.getImageReaders(imagein);
if (!it.hasNext()) {
imagein.close();
return "application/octet-stream";
}
imagein.close();
return "image/" + it.next().getFormatName().toLowerCase();//将FormatName返回的值转换成小写,默认为大写
}
//把文件转换成字节数组
private byte[] getBytes(File f) throws Exception {
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(f);
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
int n;
while ((n = in.read(b)) != -1) {
out.write(b, 0, n);
}
in.close();
return out.toByteArray();
}
//添加结尾数据
private void paramsEnd() throws Exception {
ds.writeBytes("--" + boundary + "--" + "\r\n");
ds.writeBytes("\r\n");
}
// 对包含中文的字符串进行转码,此为UTF-8。服务器那边要进行一次解码
private String encode(String value) throws Exception{
return URLEncoder.encode(value, "UTF-8");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
HttpPostUtil u = new HttpPostUtil("http://localhost:3000/up_load");
u.addFileParameter("img", new File(
"D:\\素材\\圆月.jpg"));
u.addTextParameter("text", "中文");
byte[] b = u.send();
String result = new String(b);
System.out.println(result);
}
}
后台使用ruby进行接收
ruby代码如下:
require "cgi"
class UpLoadController < ApplicationController
protect_from_forgery :except=>:index
def index
img = params[:img]
if img.kind_of? String
logger.debug "img string : #{img}"
else
logger.debug "Content-Type:#{img.content_type}"
logger.debug "or:#{CGI.unescape(img.original_filename)}"
end
text = params[:text]
logger.debug "text:#{CGI.unescape(text)}"
render :text=>"OK"
end
end
日志输入如下:
Content-Type:image/jpeg
or:圆月.jpg
text:中文
如果不把中文转成UTF-8的格式进行传输,则后台显示中文乱码。
同样,如果其他参数包含中文,则也应当先转码。
当然,具体什么编码要和后台接收的编码一致。
另外附上c#的代码,因为对c#不太熟悉,但代码测试基本可以实现了。
using System; using System.Drawing; using System.IO; using System.Net; using System.Text; using System.Drawing.Imaging; namespace MyThreading { class HttpPostUtil { string boundary = "------httpost123"; string url; byte[] bs= new byte[0]; Encoding encoder = Encoding.UTF8; public HttpPostUtil(string url) { this.url = url; } public byte[] Send() { WebClient myWebClient = new WebClient(); myWebClient.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary); EndData(); return myWebClient.UploadData(url,bs); } public void ClearData() { Array.Clear(bs, 0, bs.Length); } public void AddTextParameter(string name, string value) { StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(); s.Append("--").Append(boundary).Append("\r\n"); s.Append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"\r\n"); s.Append("\r\n"); s.Append(value).Append("\r\n"); AppendString(s.ToString()); } public void AddFileParameter(string name, FileInfo file) { StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(); s.Append("--").Append(boundary).Append("\r\n"); s.Append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"; filename=\"" + file.Name + "\"\r\n"); s.Append("Content-Type: " + GetContentType(file) + "\r\n"); s.Append("\r\n"); AppendString(s.ToString()); AppendBytes(GetFileBytes(file)); AppendString("\r\n"); } byte[] GetFileBytes(FileInfo f) { FileStream fs = new FileStream(f.FullName, FileMode.Open); BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(fs); byte[] b = br.ReadBytes((int)f.Length); br.Close(); fs.Close(); return b; } string GetContentType(FileInfo f) { // return "application/octet-stream"; //取消注释此行,则不再区分是否为图片 System.Drawing.Image image = null; FileStream fs = new FileStream(f.FullName, FileMode.Open); try { image = System.Drawing.Image.FromStream(fs); } catch (ArgumentException) { // 文件无法被解析为一个图片 return "application/octet-stream"; } finally { fs.Close(); } return GetFormat(image.RawFormat); } string GetFormat(ImageFormat imf) { if (ImageFormat.Bmp.Equals(imf)) { return "image/bmp"; } if (ImageFormat.Jpeg.Equals(imf)) { return "image/jpeg"; } if (ImageFormat.Png.Equals(imf)) { return "image/png"; } return "application/octet-stream"; } void AppendBytes(byte[] bytes) { byte[] newByte = new byte[bs.Length + bytes.Length]; Array.Copy(bs, 0, newByte, 0, bs.Length); Array.Copy(bytes, 0, newByte, bs.Length, bytes.Length); bs = newByte; } void AppendString(string value) { byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(value); AppendBytes(bytes); } void EndData() { StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(); s.Append("--").Append(boundary).Append("--\r\n"); s.Append("\r\n"); AppendString(s.ToString()); } } }
在我本机测试,中文没有出现乱码。
c#调用方法:
string url = "http://localhost:3000/up_load"; string imgPath = @"D:\素材\圆月.jpg"; HttpPostUtil hp = new HttpPostUtil(url); hp.AddTextParameter("text","中文"); hp.AddFileParameter("img",new FileInfo(imgPath)); byte[] b = hp.Send(); Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(b));
如有错误,请补充下。