如何防止序列化破坏单例模式

我们先来看一下序列化破坏单例模式的例子。

public class Singleton implements Serializable {
    private volatile static Singleton singleton;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getSingleton() {
        if (singleton == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton.class) {
                if (singleton == null) {
                    singleton = new Singleton();
                }
            }
        }
        return singleton;
    }
    

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        //Write Obj to file
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("tempFile"));
        oos.writeObject(Singleton.getSingleton());
        //Read Obj from file
        File file = new File("tempFile");
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
        Singleton newInstance = (Singleton) ois.readObject();
        //判断是否是同一个对象
        System.out.println(newInstance == Singleton.getSingleton());
    }

这里最终输出的结果是：false，单例模式已被破坏了。那有什么办法防止序列化破坏单例模式吗？我们给Singleton再加一个方法

    private Object readResolve() {
        return singleton;
    }

再运行一下main方法就会发现结果是：true。这是因为反序列化过程中会通过反射的方式判断序列化类是不否有readResolve方法：

 readResolveMethod = getInheritableMethod(
                        cl, "readResolve", null, Object.class);

有readResolve的话将会调用该方法返回结果，具体源代码在ObjectInputStream中的readOrdinaryObject方法中。

 if (obj != null &&
            handles.lookupException(passHandle) == null &&
            desc.hasReadResolveMethod())
        {
            Object rep = desc.invokeReadResolve(obj);
            if (unshared && rep.getClass().isArray()) {
                rep = cloneArray(rep);
            }
            if (rep != obj) {
                // Filter the replacement object
                if (rep != null) {
                    if (rep.getClass().isArray()) {
                        filterCheck(rep.getClass(), Array.getLength(rep));
                    } else {
                        filterCheck(rep.getClass(), -1);
                    }
                }
                handles.setObject(passHandle, obj = rep);
            }
        }