黑马程序员——java中两个线程对同一个数据做不同操作的安全问题

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    线程间的通信：两个线程对同一个数据做不同操作的安全问题

看以下代码：

class src {
	String name;
	String sex;
}

class Input implements Runnable {
	private src s;
	boolean flag;

	public Input(src s) {
		this.s = s;
	}

	public void run() {
		flag = true;
		while (true) {
			if (flag) {
				s.name = "张三";
				s.sex = "男";
				flag = false;
			} else {
				s.name = "李思";
				s.sex = "女";
				flag = true;
			}
		}
	}
}

class Output implements Runnable {
	private src s;

	public Output(src s) {
		this.s = s;
	}

	public void run() {
		while (true) {

			System.out.println("姓名:" + s.name + "……性别：" + s.sex);
		}
	}
}

class InputOutputDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		src s = new src();
		Input in = new Input(s);
		Output out = new Output(s);
		Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
	}
}

运行结果如图所示：

出现了明显的错误，这是因为数据不同步造成的，加了synchronized则很好的解决了这个问题。

代码如下：

class src {
	String name;
	String sex;
}

class Input implements Runnable {
	private src s;
	boolean flag;

	public Input(src s) {
		this.s = s;
	}

	public void run() {
		flag = true;
		while (true) {
			synchronized (s) {
				if (flag) {
					s.name = "张三";
					s.sex = "男";
					flag = false;
				} else {
					s.name = "李思";
					s.sex = "女";
					flag = true;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

class Output implements Runnable {
	private src s;

	public Output(src s) {
		this.s = s;
	}

	public void run() {
		while (true) {
			synchronized (s) {
				System.out.println("姓名:" + s.name + "……性别：" + s.sex);
			}
		}
	}
}

class InputOutputDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		src s = new src();
		Input in = new Input(s);
		Output out = new Output(s);
		Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
	}
}

    如果是要间隔打印，则要使用的wait（）和notify（）方法。比如Inputout往数据源处存储一数据，存储后则要进入wait（）状态，并把Output线程唤醒，等Output取出数据后在使用wait（）方法等待，并把intput线程用notify唤醒。

代码如下：

class src {
	public boolean empty = true;
	String name;
	String sex;
}

class Input implements Runnable {
	private src s;
	boolean flag;

	public Input(src s) {
		this.s = s;
	}

	public void run() {
		flag = true;
		while (true) {
			synchronized (s) {
				if (!s.empty)
					try {
						s.wait();
					} catch (Exception e) {
					}
				if (flag) {
					s.name = "张三";
					s.sex = "男";
					flag = false;
				} else {
					s.name = "李思";
					s.sex = "女";
					flag = true;
				}
				s.empty = false;
				s.notify();
			}
		}
	}
}

class Output implements Runnable {
	private src s;

	public Output(src s) {
		this.s = s;
	}

	public void run() {
		while (true) {
			synchronized (s) {
				if (s.empty)
					try {
						s.wait();
					} catch (Exception e) {
					}
				System.out.println("姓名:" + s.name + "……性别：" + s.sex);
				s.empty = true;
				s.notify();
			}
		}
	}
}

class InputOutputDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		src s = new src();
		Input in = new Input(s);
		Output out = new Output(s);
		Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
	}
}

运行结果 ：