$ sudo sqlplus
Error 6 initializing SQL*Plus
Message file sp1<lang>.msb not found
SP2-0750: You may need to set ORACLE_HOME to your Oracle software directory
$ sudo sqlldr
Message 2100 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ULMessage 2100 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=UL
原来是sudo没有继承用户的环境变量
修改/etc/sudoers
# 增加ORACLE_HOME
Defaults env_keep = "... ORACLE_HOME"
OK,现在可以正常运行了。