一、前言
截止到本文完成的日期为止（2020年04月16日），笔者对Android 5.0~Android 10的部分手机进行了适配测试。该文中所遇到的问题基本都出现在国产定制系统（EMUI、MIUI、ColorOS）上。开发环境为macOS+idea。
二、相关代码
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1、（基本）在AndroidManifest.xml中静态申请如下权限：
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<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true" />*BLE的扫描需要开启位置信息相关的权限，否则将会无法扫描到BLE设备。
*在MIUI11（Android 10）中，需要另行打开位置服务（GPS），否则也不能扫描到BLE设备。部分其它国产ROM在Android 10也可能存在此问题，解决办法同上。判断标准是：BluetoothLeScanner被正确地实例化（不为null），但始终无法发现附近的BLE设备。
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2、（Android 6.0及以上）在onCreate中动态申请位置信息权限：
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { Log.i(TAG, "sdk < Android M"); if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { String[] strings = {Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}; ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, strings, 1); } } else { if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, "android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION") != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { String[] strings = {android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, "android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION"}; ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, strings, 2); } }检测是否打开位置服务：
public static final boolean isLocationEnable(Context context) { LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE); boolean networkProvider = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER); boolean gpsProvider = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER); if (networkProvider || gpsProvider) return true; return false; }如果未打开位置服务，让用户去打开：
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_LOCATION_SETTINGS = 2; private void setLocationService() { Intent locationIntent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS); this.startActivityForResult(locationIntent, REQUEST_CODE_LOCATION_SETTINGS); }进入设置，让用户自己选择是否打开位置服务，然后获取选择结果：
@Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_LOCATION_SETTINGS) { if (isLocationEnable(this)) { //定位已打开的处理 } else { //定位依然没有打开的处理 } } else super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); } -
3、（基本）检测是否支持BLE蓝牙及蓝牙开关状态
//是否支持 public static boolean isSupportBle(Context context) { if (context == null || !context.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) { return false; } BluetoothManager manager = (BluetoothManager) context.getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); return manager.getAdapter() != null; } //是否开启 public static boolean isBleEnable(Context context) { if (!isSupportBle(context)) { return false; } BluetoothManager manager = (BluetoothManager) context.getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); return manager.getAdapter().isEnabled(); } //开启蓝牙 public static void enableBluetooth(Activity activity, int requestCode) { Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); activity.startActivityForResult(intent, requestCode); } -
4、（基本&&Android 7.0+适配特别注意！）进行BLE设备扫描
在Android 7.0及以后的系统中，BluetoothAdapter.startLeScan()方法被废弃，所以需要根据系统版本的不同来执行不同的扫描方法，否则在MIUI11及EMUI10的部分机型上会扫描不到BLE设备。
private void startScan() throws Exception { isScanning = true; handler.postDelayed(scanRunnable, TIME_OUT); BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { LogUtil.e("系统版本：","<7.0"); bluetoothManager.getAdapter() .startLeScan(mLeScanCallback); } else {//安卓7.0及以上的方案 LogUtil.e("系统版本：",">=7.0"); bleScanner = bluetoothManager.getAdapter().getBluetoothLeScanner(); bleScanner.startScan(scanCallback); } }//停止扫描 private void stopScan() { isScanning = false; BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { //安卓6.0及以下版本BLE操作的代码 bluetoothManager.getAdapter().stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback); } else //安卓7.0及以上版本BLE操作的代码 bleScanner.stopScan(scanCallback); }//扫描结果回调-Android 7.0- private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() { @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak") @Override public void onLeScan(BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) { LogUtil.e(TAG, "开始搜索设备：" + mac); if (device.getAddress().equals(mac)) { LogUtil.e(TAG, "搜索到设备 " + mac); new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (mBluetoothLeService != null) { mBluetoothLeService.connect(mac); } } }.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(3000, 200); stopScan(); isScanning = false; handler.removeCallbacks(scanRunnable); } } }; //扫描结果回调-7.0+ private ScanCallback scanCallback = new ScanCallback() { @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak") @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) @Override public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) { super.onScanResult(callbackType, result); BluetoothDevice device = result.getDevice(); String macAddr = device.getAddress(); LogUtil.e("发现设备：", macAddr); if (macAddr.equals(mac)) { LogUtil.e(TAG, "搜索到匹配的蓝牙设备(6.0+): " + mac); new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (mBluetoothLeService != null) { mBluetoothLeService.connect(mac); } } }.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(3000, 200); stopScan(); isScanning = false; handler.removeCallbacks(scanRunnable); } Log.i(TAG, macAddr); } };//重连计时器 private Runnable scanRunnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { connTimeOutTimes++; LogUtil.e(TAG, "重连第" + connTimeOutTimes + "次"); if (connTimeOutTimes < RECONNECT_TIMES) { handler.postDelayed(scanRunnable, TIME_OUT); } else { stopScan(); connTimeOutTimes = 0; if (connectFunction != null) { LogUtil.e(TAG, "连接超时：" + mBluetoothLeService.getConnectState()); connectFunction.onCallBack("{\"code\":-1,\"msg\":\"连接超时\",\"data\":\"false\"}"); connectFunction = null; } if (cardConnectFunction != null) { cardConnectFunction.onCallBack("{\"code\":-1,\"msg\":\"连接超时\",\"data\":\"false\"}"); cardConnectFunction = null; } mBluetoothLeService.setConnectionState(0); mBluetoothLeService.release(); bindStatus = 0; } } };
三、踩过坑的机型/ROM
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1、小米/红米
MIUI11：必须打开位置服务才可搜索到BLE设备；
MIUI11及更早：
初始化BlueToothGatt时务必将connectGatt的autoConnect设为false，否则会被系统杀掉；
package android.bluetooth; public final class BluetoothDevice implements Parcelable { ... public BluetoothGatt connectGatt(Context context, boolean autoConnect, BluetoothGattCallback callback) { return (connectGatt(context, autoConnect, callback, TRANSPORT_AUTO)); } }必须针对Android M及以上的MIUI配置调用BluetoothLeScanner.startScan()方法来搜索BLE设备，而非被废弃的BluetoothAdapter.startLeScan()，否则将无法搜索到设备，日志如下：
D/BluetoothAdapter: startLeScan(): null **注意，此处为null D/BluetoothAdapter: isLeEnabled(): ON D/BluetoothLeScanner: onScannerRegistered() - status=0 scannerId=6 mScannerId=0 -
2、华为/荣耀
EMUI10（仅Mate 30/P30系列）：必须打开位置服务才可搜索到BLE设备
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3、部分国产ROM（包括上述两类）：
部分机型需打开位置服务才可搜索到BLE设备；
部分机型需动态申请位置权限才可搜索到BLE设备；
部分机型需将connectGatt的autoConnect设为false（MIUI、ColorOS）；
部分机型需针对Android M及以上的系统版本配置调用BluetoothLeScanner.startScan()方法来搜索BLE设备；
四、附录：连接日志（MIUI）
E/系统版本：: >=6.0
D/BluetoothAdapter: isLeEnabled(): ON
D/BluetoothLeScanner: onScannerRegistered() - status=0 scannerId=8 mScannerId=0
E/发现设备：: xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
E/WebViewActivity: 搜索到匹配的蓝牙设备(6.0+): xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
D/BluetoothAdapter: isLeEnabled(): ON
I/WebViewActivity: xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
E/BlueToothService: xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
D/BluetoothGatt: onClientConnectionState() - status=0 clientIf=7 device=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
D/BluetoothGatt: discoverServices() - device: xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
E/WebViewActivity: 连接成功：2
D/BluetoothGatt: onConnectionUpdated() - Device=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx interval=6 latency=0 timeout=500 status=0
D/BluetoothGatt: onSearchComplete() = Device=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx Status=0
D/BluetoothGatt: setCharacteristicNotification() - uuid: 0000fff4-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-00xxxx9bxxxx enable: true
D/BluetoothGatt: onConnectionUpdated() - Device=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx interval=36 latency=0 timeout=500 status=0
五、联系方式
flymyd@foxmail.com
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