python3 metaclass orm

在python3 利用metaclass 实现简单orm 映射
class Field(object):
    def __init__(self, name, column_type):
        self.name = name
        self.column_type = column_type
    def __str__(self):
        return '<%s:%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name)

class StringField(Field):
    def __init__(self, name):
        super(StringField, self).__init__(name, 'varchar(100)')

class IntegerField(Field):
    def __init__(self, name):
        super(IntegerField, self).__init__(name, 'bigint')
#metaclass 封装mapping 元素
class ModelMetaclass(type):

    # __new__方法接受的参数依次是：
    # 1.当前准备创建的类的对象（cls）
    # 2.类的名字（name）
    # 3.类继承的父类集合(bases)
    # 4.类的方法集合(attrs)
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
        # 如果说新创建的类的名字是Model，那直接返回不做修改
        if name == "Model":
            return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
        print("Found model:%s" % name)
        mappings = dict()
        for k, v in attrs.items():
            if isinstance(v, Field):
                print("Found mappings:%s ==> %s" % (k, v))  # 找到映射， 这里用到上面的__str__
                mappings[k] = v
            # 结合之前，即把之前在方法集合中的零散的映射删除，
            # 把它们从方法集合中挑出，组成一个大方法__mappings__
            # 把__mappings__添加到方法集合attrs中
        for k in mappings.keys():
                attrs.pop(k)
        attrs["__mappings__"] = mappings
        attrs["__table__"] = name # 添加表名，假设表名与类名一致
        return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
# 编写Model基类，所有继承子类自动对filed 增加
class Model(dict,metaclass=ModelMetaclass):

    def __init__(self, **kw):
        super(Model, self).__init__(**kw)

    def __getattr__(self, key):
        try:
            return self[key]
        except KeyError:
            raise AttributeError(r"'Model' object has no attribute '%s'" % key)

    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
        self[key] = value

    def save(self):
        fields = []
        params = []
        args = []
        # 在所有映射中迭代
        for k, v in self.__mappings__.items():
            fields.append(v.name)
            params.append("?")
            args.append(getattr(self, k, None))
        sql = "insert into %s (%s) values (%s)" % (self.__table__, ",".join(fields), ",".join(params))
        print("SQL: %s" % sql)
        print("ARGS: %s" % str(args))


class User(Model):
    # 定义类的属性到列的映射：
    id = IntegerField('id')
    name = StringField('username')
    email = StringField('email')
    password = StringField('password')

u = User(id=12345, name='hunterfox', email='test@orm.org', password='12345678')
u.save()
print(id(u))