英语基本句型

简单句五大基本句型

1. 主+谓
2. 主+谓+宾
3. 主+谓+宾+宾
4. 主+谓+宾+宾补
5. 主+系+表

中英文句子结构的差别源于中英文化的差异。分析以下中英文句子

我有一个苹果，是我弟弟给的，又大又红，
他在小学念书，今年8岁，他英语很好，
他的学校在公园附近，里面有一条河。

I have an apple ,big as well as red,
which was provided by my brother,8,
who is studying in a primary school which is next to a park,
where there is a river and  his english is good.

小时候语文课上，老师并没有着重强调过中文语法。由上面的句子可以看出，修饰苹果的句子，直接加在“我有一个苹果”的后面，就能表达出相应的中文意思。所以中文句子更像是一根又长又直的竹子，只是有不同长度的竹节，看起来简单又直接。

而英文句子在修饰“我有一个苹果”时，不断出现了which、who、where等这样的修饰词。句子结构看起来像一串葡萄，一串葡萄有一根主枝(I have an apple)，主枝上又分出来许多小枝(which/who/where等关键词引导的从句)，每个小枝上又长着一颗颗葡萄，且每一个小枝上都是一个完整的独立的。英语中从句都是一个完整的句子，句子就必须要有“主语+谓语”，主语是谓语动作的发出者，如果有宾语，则宾语是谓语动作的承受者。

中文：重意
我妈妈们是一名护士，她很爱我，天天给我做饭。

英文：重形
My mom,a nurse,who loves me a lot,cooks for me on a daily basis.

课后练习：分析下列句子主谓宾，并翻译主谓宾

1.她的英语说的不好。
  She speaks English not good.  （主语第三人称单数时，后面的谓语动词不能用原形所以是speaks）
   Her English is bad.

2.我们天天跑步。
  We run on a daily basic.

3.这个女孩很漂亮。
  The girl is beautiful.

4.要听妈妈的话。
  You should listen to you mother.

5.学生们放学就玩手机。
  Students play with phones.

6.我给你买一个书包。
  I buy a backpack for you.

简单句–基础句型

1.我笑了 （主谓）
  I laugh.

2.我养了一只猫 （主谓宾）
  I keep a cat.

3.这猫很可爱 （主系表）
  The cat is cute.

4.我给猫猫一个球 (主谓宾宾)
  I give the cat a ball.

5.猫猫让我很开心 （主谓宾（宾语补足语））
  The cat makes me happy.

主+谓(不及物动词)

英语动词：及物动词、不及物动词
及物动词（Vi）：能及物嘛，所以可以直接接宾语。
不及物动词（Vt）：不能及物嘛，所以不可以直接接宾语，想接宾语那就得加介词，wait for、listen to

0.I sing.（我唱歌）
1.The cat jumps.
2.I laugh.
3.She died.(She是第三人称单数，加s了就是一般时态，She现在dies，明天后台还会dies吗，不可能，所以这里的事一个一般过去时died.)
4.He cries（cry的单三形式）. 这里用过去式、现在时，都是正确的。过去哭，现在哭，甚至将来哭都是正常的。
5.鸟儿天上飞，小猫房里睡。
  Birds fly in the sky . The cat sleeps in the room.

I wait for my favourite song.
I listen to the radio.

主谓宾/主系表

主谓宾/主系表两者区别：谓语不同

1.主谓宾的谓语一定是“实义动词”
  I keep a cat.
2.主系表的谓语一定是“系动词”（连系动词）没有实义，在中文中唱唱翻译成“是”
  The cat is lovely.
  
实义动词  
do  play  give  read  sleep  eat  
run  laugh  smile  weep  cry 
look at    listen to    go to
get   turn   grow   keep  fall

系动词 
状态：be动词(am is are)   
表象：seem, appear
保持：keep(保持；养宠物)  stay  remain  stand(站；忍受)
感官：look  sound  taste  smell  feel
变化：get  become  turn  grow  fall 
终止：prove

判断下列句中动词是实义动词还是系动词
I keep a cat. (实义-养)
The girl keeps beautiful . (实义)
The stranger looks at me.（实义动词-看）
The stranger looks sad. （系动词）
The boy grew up in the country.（实义动词）
My T-shirt grows dirty .（系动词-变得）

判断下列句子是什么结构

1.We postponed our meeting.

2.Price can mirror the national macroeconomic operation.

3.The advance of high technology boosts the development of agriculture.

翻译下列句子

1.她是个美丽的女孩子。
  She is a beautiful girl.
2.她似乎很美。
  She seems beautiful.
3.她依旧很美。
  She keeps beautiful.
4.她变得很美。
  She turns beautiful.
5.她就是那么美。
  She proves beautiful.
6.她看起来很美，声音很动听。
  she looks beautiful,Her voice sounds very good.

主谓双宾

 I     give  the cat    a ball.
主语    谓语  间接宾语    直接宾语

1.He awards me a gift.
2.They pass him a banana.
3.She tells us her secret.
4.I show them a new book.
5.My father buys me a cake.

主谓宾宾补

The cat    makes    me      happy.
主语        谓语    宾语    宾语补足语

其中me是宾语，sad和happy是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语的关系相当于逻辑上的主系表的关系。

1.Our teacher makes him our monitor.
2.We should keep our parents happy.
3.My mother asks me to run.
4.I see a girl crying.
5.I have my job done.

双宾与宾补的判别

主谓双宾	主谓宾宾补
give sb sth	ask sb to do
offer sb sth	help sb do
show sb sth	make sb do
bring sb sth	let sb do
send sb sth	see sb do/doing
teach sb sth	have sb/sth done
tell sb sth	get sb /sth done

判断下面句子主谓宾并翻译。

1.他的中文讲的很棒
   He speaks Chinese very well. 使用副词修饰很棒good是形容词
   His Chiness is good.
 
 2.我的作业写好了。
   I finished my homeword. (先不纠结时态)
   
 3.妈妈叫我去吃饭。
   My mother asks/tells me to have dinner.
   
 4.很多老人在公园散步。
   There are many old man
   Many old people run in the park.
   
 5.天天上班很累。
   I go to work very day,I am/feel tired.

分析下面句子句型

1.My dream is to become doctor.(主系表)
2.The boy lives in a village.(主谓宾)
3.This dish tastes delicious .(主系表)
4.I hava a passion for this program.（主谓宾） have a passion fro = like
5.The picture show us a beautiful world.（主谓宾宾）
6.Those students got the classroom cleaned.（主谓宾）
7.The boy listents to the teacher carefuly.（主谓宾）副词可以丢掉
8.They like playing basketball with their firends.（主谓宾）
9.The fresh air here makes me comfortable.（主谓宾）
10.We should keep our parents happy.(主谓宾宾补)our parents是宾语 happy是宾补