ubuntu mysql中中文乱码问题

建表的时候utf8为缺省编码：
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `companies`;
CREATE TABLE `companies` (
  `id` int(8) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `address` varchar(255) default NULL,
  `memo` text,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

通过命令对数据操作都不会出现乱码问题。但是一使用java对其进行操作后，所有中文都变为了乱码。网上查了点资料。改了一下

mysql> show variables like '%char%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

原来是存在latin1的字符编码

SET character_set_client =utf8;
      SET character_set_results = utf8;
      SET character_set_connection = utf8;

可输入mysql>SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%character%' ;命令查看效果。

都变为utf8了。但是运行java 还出现乱码。重新终端mysql.

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%character%' ;

mysql> show variables like '%char%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

没改变。只能修改myconf。

sudo gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf

[mysql]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
default-character-set=utf8

重启 sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart
 * Stopping MySQL database server mysqld                                 [ OK ] 
 * Starting MySQL database server mysqld                                [fail]

不行。继续……

……

……

http://www.pc6.com/infoview/Article_63586.html终于在这里找到了答案。原来5.5以前和5.5以后的系统是有区别的。

sudo gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf 。(5.5以前系统)在【client】下面加入 default-character-set=utf8

在【mysqld】下面加入default-character-set=utf8

Notice：注意 如果修改后不能启动报错试试把default-character-set=utf8改为character_set_server=utf8，仅仅加入到mysqld下面的.client就不需要加了

sudo gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf 。(5.5以后系统)如下修改：

[client]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci

然后重启sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

administrator@fly:~$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 38
Server version: 5.5.35-0ubuntu0.13.10.2 (Ubuntu)


Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.


Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.


mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> 

+++++++++++++++++++++++++问题解决++++++++++++++++++++++++

总结：1、在将表的时候最好设置默认编码。养成习惯

            2、数据库的编码，在安装完mysql的时候就先改正。

            3、java JDBC 操作时，可能会出现乱码，但是还是得从根源上更正问题