学习Spring-生命周期&bean的后置处理器

Spring IOC 容器可以管理 Bean 的生命周期, Spring 允许在 Bean 生命周期的特定点执行定制的任务。举一个简单的例子

Bean 的生命周期

1）你需要创建Person.java和Main.java

首先是是Person.java，注意 init（）与destory（）

package com.spring.day03;

public class Person {
	private String name;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		System.out.println("setName...");
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Person() {
		System.out.println("Car is construction....");
	}
	
	public void init() {
		System.out.println("init...开始");
	}
	
	public void destory() {
		System.out.println("destory...结束");
	}
	
}

2）创建application.xml 设置init-method与destroy-method

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd">

	<bean id="person" class="com.spring.day03.Person" init-method="init" destroy-method="destory">
		<property name="name" value="haha"></property>
	</bean>

</beans>

3)创建Main.java

package com.spring.day03;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//创建spring的IOC容器对象
		//application代表IOC容器
		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");//读取xml文件
		
		//从IOC容器里获取bean实例
		Person person=(Person) ctx.getBean("person");//这里person对应xml文件bean的id
		
		System.out.println(person.getName());
		
		ctx.close();
		
	}
}

4)查看结果

Car is construction....
setName...
postProcessBeforeInitialization:com.spring.day03.Person@56ac3a89,person
init...开始
postProcessAfterInitialization:com.spring.day03.Person@56ac3a89,person
haha
destory...结束

  在结果中可以发现Spring IOC的生命周期是，是先构造器->设置属性->调用bean的初始化方法->使用bean->在关闭容器的时候调用销毁方法。

bean的后置处理器

Bean 后置处理器允许在调用初始化方法前后对 Bean 进行额外的处理，bean 后置处理器对 IOC 容器里的所有 Bean 实例逐一处理。

1）在上面的基础下，首先创建一个Post.java文件

package com.spring.day03;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;

public class Post implements BeanPostProcessor {

	@Override
	public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization:"+bean+","+beanName);
		return bean;
	}

	@Override
	public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization:"+bean+","+beanName);
		return bean;
	}

}

2）在application.xml文件下创建bean配置后置处理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd">
	

	
	<bean id="person" class="com.spring.day03.Person" init-method="init" destroy-method="destory">
		<property name="name" value="haha"></property>
	</bean>

   <!-- 创建bean配置后置处理-->
	<bean class="com.spring.day03.Post"></bean>
</beans>

3）查看结果

Car is construction....
setName...
postProcessBeforeInitialization:com.spring.day03.Person@56ac3a89,person
init...开始
postProcessAfterInitialization:com.spring.day03.Person@56ac3a89,person
com.spring.day03.Person@56ac3a89
destory...结束

后置处理器有什么用呢？举个例子就明白了。修改Post.java中的postProcessBeforeInitialization（。。）

	@Override
	public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization:"+bean+","+beanName);
		Person person =new Person();
		
		person.setName("哈哈");//修改person的名字
		
		return person;
	}

运行后会发现，print显示是哈哈，因为后置处理器是对所以bean都处理的所以要在函数里进行筛选。

postProcessBeforeInitialization:com.spring.day03.Person@56ac3a89,person
Car is construction....
setName...
init...开始
postProcessAfterInitialization:com.spring.day03.Person@27c20538,person
哈哈
destory...结束