URL deconding URL解码

This task   (the reverse of   URL encoding   and distinct from   URL parser)   is to provide a function or mechanism to convert an URL-encoded string into its original unencoded form.

中文：任务是给你一个编码后的url，将它解码为编码前的格式。

Cases:
"http%3A%2F%2Ffoo%20bar%2F"   -->  "http://foo bar/"

"google.com/search?q=%60Abdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1"  --> "google.com/search?q=`Abdu'l-Bahá"

Solution:

编码的字符原则是：将所有的符号，编程%+该符号对应的16进制。只有找到所有的%16进制进行解码。

+ --> ' '

C/C++：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

//c++
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include "Poco/URI.h"

using namespace std;

inline int ishex(char x){//16
	return (x >= '0' && x <= '9') ||
		   (x >= 'a' && x <= 'f') ||		
		   (x >= 'A' && x<= 'F');
}


int decode(const char *s, char *dev){
	
	char *o;
	const char *end = s + strlen(s);
	int c;
	for(o = dev; s<= end; o++){
		c = *s++;
		if(c == '+') c = ' ';
		else if (c == '%' && (!ishex( *s++) ||
							  !ishex( *s++) ||
							  !sscanf(s - 2, "%2x", &c))) //from s-2 start two chars in c
			return 1;
			
		if(dev) *o = c;//
	}
	return o - dev; //length
}


//c++ or g++
string decode(string encoded){
	string decoded;
	Poco::URI::decode(eccoded, decoded);
	
	return decoded;
}

int main(){
	
	const char *url = "http%3A%2F%2ffoo+bar%2fabcd";
	string encoded("http%3A%2F%2ffoo+bar%2fabcd");
	char out[strlen(url) + 1]; //output decoded url
	printf("legth: %d\n", decode(url,0)); //get length of decoded url 
	puts(decode(url,out) < 0 ? "bad string": out);	
	
	cout<<decode(encoded)<<endl;
	return 0;
}

Java：

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
 
public class Main
{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException
    {
        String encoded = "http%3A%2F%2Ffoo%20bar%2F";
        String normal = URLDecoder.decode(encoded, "utf-8");
        System.out.println(normal);
    }
}

Python3：

import urllib
print(urllib.parse.unquote("http%3A%2F%2Ffoo%20bar%2F"))

参考（copy）：http://rosettacode.org/wiki/URL_decoding#C