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RSS订阅转载 日志记录的作用和方法 java
程序中记录日志一般有两个目的：Troubleshooting和显示程序运行状态。好的日志记录方式可以提供我们足够多定位问题的依据。日志记录大家都会认为简单，但如何通过日志可以高效定位问题并不是简单的事情。这里列举下面三个方面的内容，辅以代码示例，总结如何写好日志，希望对他人有所启发和帮助：怎样记日志可以方便Troubleshooting程序运行状态可以记哪些应该避免怎样
2014-10-14 17:00:02
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原创 说一说struts2 验证框架使用过程中遇到的问题
说到struts2验证框架的使用，首先假定使用的时候已经有了对该框架的基本概念，即： 1）知道该怎么编写待验证的jsp页面。 2）知道该怎么编写jsp页面form表格所对应的Action类。 3）知道怎么在struts.xml文件中配置Action。 4）知道怎么编写Action类-validation.xml文件。 知道了以上基本概
2014-07-13 17:35:12
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原创 Java 之 初始化（二）
在上一篇文章中讲述了类的成员变量及成员函数的初始化顺序，以及不同类型的成员变量被初始化的次数。在Java中，除了可以在定义成员变量的时候对成员变量进行初始化，还可以通过显示的初始化块来对成员变量进行初始化。 对于显示的初始化代码块，我们可以提出以下几个问题： 1）它何时被执行？（相对于成员变量的定义以及构造函数的执行时间） 2）它被执行几次？
2013-12-16 18:22:40
486
原创 Java 之 初始化（一）
在Java中，对象中的成员变量在使用前都会被初始化。如果没有对成员变量进行显示的初始化，那么这些成员变量就会被自动初始化。在自动初始化的过程中，基本类型的成员变量其值为0，引用类型的成员变量其值为null。 初始化过程中的成员变量值容易确定，那么对象成员的初始化顺序又是怎样的呢？在《Thinking in Java》一书中，给出一个例子来对Java中初始化的顺序来进行说明。第
2013-12-16 16:28:20
567
原创 Java之多线程学习（一）
class RunnableTest implements Runnable{ private int count=0; @Override public void run() { while(this.count < 10) { this.count ++; System.out.println(this.count); } }}class Threa
2013-12-14 13:50:28
457
原创 #J2EE之Servlet#——入门篇：JDK&Tomcat 开发环境搭建和配置
No 1:JDK 的安装及环境变量配置第一步：到www.org.com 上下载 jdk 的exe文件，并安装。记下自己的安装目录%JAVA_HOME%。安装好了以后在安装目录下面会出现两个文件夹，分别为jdk文件夹和jre文件夹。在上一次安装中，我的安装目录 %JAVA_HOME% = D:\Program Files\Java 该目录下的jdk文件夹为：jdk1.7.0_45
2013-10-23 17:56:53
743
Objective-C 教程
Introduction viii
Chapter 1: Getting Started: Essential Objective-C 1
Creating Your First Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Compiling and Running Your First Program . ......... 6
Using Variables . .................................................................... 8
Displaying Values in Variables . ....................................... 9
Working with Data Types . ............................................. 11
Adding Comments . ............................................................ 13
Using Arithmetic Operators . ......................................... 15
Using Assignment Operators . ....................................... 17
Using the Increment and
Decrement Operators . ........................................... 19
Changing Type with Cast Operators . ...................... 21
Chapter 2: Directing Program Flow 23
Using the if Statement . ................................................... 26
Using the else Statement . ............................................... 27
Using the switch Statement . ......................................... 29
Using Comparison Operators . ..................................... 31
Using Logical Operators . ............................................... 32
Using the Conditional Operator . ................................ 33
Using the for Loop . ............................................................ 35
Using the while Loop . ...................................................... 37
Using the do...while Loop . ............................................. 39
Using the break Statement . ......................................... 41
Chapter 3: Handling Data 43
About Creating NS-Class Objects . .............................. 45
Creating Arrays . .................................................................. 46
Initializing Arrays . .............................................................. 47
Looping over Arrays . ........................................................ 48
Creating Two-Dimensional Arrays . .......................... 49
Using Pointers . .................................................................... 51
Using Pointer Math . .......................................................... 52
Interchanging Pointers and Arrays . .......................... 53
Using Strings . ....................................................................... 54
Passing Messages to String Objects . .......................... 56
Using Enumerations . ........................................................ 57
Table of Contents
From the Library of Wow! eBook
v
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 4: Creating Functions 59
Defining a Function . .......................................................... 61
Declaring Functions Using Prototypes . .................... 62
Passing Arguments to Functions . .............................. 64
Returning Values from Functions . .............................. 66
Using Function Scope . ...................................................... 68
Passing Pointers to Functions . ..................................... 70
Passing Arrays to Functions . ....................................... 72
Passing Constant Data to Functions . ........................ 74
Using Recursion . ................................................................ 76
Using Pointers to Functions . ....................................... 77
Chapter 5: Classes and Objects 79
Creating Objective-C Classes and Objects . ........... 82
Using Class Methods . ........................................................ 84
Creating an Object . ............................................................ 86
Creating Object Methods . ............................................. 87
Storing Data in Objects . ................................................. 88
Passing Multiple Arguments to Methods . ............. 90
Storing the Interface in a Header File . ...................... 92
Adding the Implementation to the Header File . . . 94
Linking Multiple Files . ................................................... 95
Using Constructors . .......................................................... 97
Chapter 6: Object-Oriented Programming 99
About Access Specifiers . ............................................... 100
Using Public Access . ...................................................... 102
Using Private Access . ................................................... 103
Using Protected Access . ............................................... 105
Using Class Variables . ................................................... 107
Accessing the Current Object . .................................. 109
Creating a Variable for Multiple
Object Types . ............................................................ 111
Verifying That an Object Belongs to a Class .... 113
Checking an Object's Class with
isKindOfClass . .......................................................... 115
Verifying That an Object Supports a Method .... 117
Checking Whether Objects Support a Method ... 118
Chapter 7: Working with Object-Oriented
Inheritance 119
Inheriting from a Class . ............................................... 121
Inheriting Base-Class Data Members . ................. 122
Inheriting Base-Class Methods . .............................. 124
Overriding Base-Class Methods . .............................. 126
Overloading Base-Class Methods . .......................... 128
From the Library of Wow! eBook
vi
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Using Multi-level Inheritance . .................................. 130
Limiting Access . .............................................................. 132
Restricting Access . .......................................................... 134
Using Constructors with Inheritance . ................. 136
Using Polymorphism . ................................................... 138
Chapter 8: Categories, Posing, and Protocols 141
About Categories . ............................................................ 143
Categories: Creating the Base Class . ...................... 145
Categories: Creating Categories . .............................. 146
Categories: Putting It All Together . .......................... 147
About Posing . .................................................................... 149
Posing: Creating the Base Class . ................................ 151
Posing: Creating the Derived Class . ........................ 152
Posing: Putting It All Together . .................................. 153
About Protocols . .............................................................. 155
Protocols: Defining the Protocol and
Interfaces . ................................................................ 157
Protocols: Creating the Class
Implementations . ................................................... 159
Protocols: Putting It All Together . ............................ 161
Chapter 9: Using Arrays and Dictionaries 163
Creating an Array . .......................................................... 165
Accessing Array Elements . ........................................... 166
Using Enumeration to Loop over an Array . ......... 167
Creating a Mutable Array . ........................................... 169
Adding Elements to a Mutable Array . .................... 171
Sorting an Array . .............................................................. 173
Releasing Array Memory . ............................................. 175
Creating a Dictionary . ................................................... 176
Enumerating a Dictionary . ....................................... 178
Creating a Mutable Dictionary . ................................ 180
Adding Objects to a Mutable Dictionary . ............. 181
Chapter 10: Managing Memory in Objective-C 183
Creating Test Objects . ................................................... 185
Displaying the Retain Count . ..................................... 186
Incrementing an Object’s Retain Count . ............... 188
Decrementing an Object’s Retain Count . ........... 190
Deallocating Objects from Memory . ...................... 192
Using an Autorelease Pool . ......................................... 194
Using Self-Managed Memory . .................................. 195
Deallocating Memory Yourself: Creating
the Class . ..................................................................... 197
From the Library of Wow! eBook
vii
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Deallocating Memory Yourself: Storing
Internal Objects . ...................................................... 198
Deallocating Memory Yourself: Creating
the main Method . ................................................... 200
Deallocating Memory Yourself: Performing
Deallocation . ............................................................ 201
Chapter 11: Exception Handling 203
Catching Exceptions . ...................................................... 205
Handling Exceptions . ...................................................... 206
Using the End Handler . ................................................. 207
Creating an Exception . ................................................. 209
Checking What Exception Occurred . .................... 211
Handling Multiple Exceptions . .................................. 213
Passing Exceptions Up the Call Stack . .................... 215
Returning Values from Exception Handlers . ....... 217
Returning void from an Exception Handler . ....... 219
Catching Uncaught Exceptions . .............................. 221
2011-11-01
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