654. Maximum Binary Tree

Given an integer array with no duplicates. A maximum tree building on this array is defined as follow:

1. The root is the maximum number in the array.
2. The left subtree is the maximum tree constructed from left part subarray divided by the maximum number.
3. The right subtree is the maximum tree constructed from right part subarray divided by the maximum number.

Construct the maximum tree by the given array and output the root node of this tree.

Example 1:

Input: [3,2,1,6,0,5]
Output: return the tree root node representing the following tree:

      6
    /   \
   3     5
    \    / 
     2  0   
       \
        1

Note:

1. The size of the given array will be in the range [1,1000].

题目大意是构建一个最大树，根是给出数组中的最大那个，它的左节点是根左边的那些数构成的最大数，右节点是根右边的数组成的最大树。想法是利用递归构建这个最大树。我们先找到这个数组中的最大的数，标记它的位置，然后我们把它当作根节点。然后我们把标记左右两边边的数当成另外一个数组，又执行同样的操作，递归之后即得出我们要的最大树。代码如下：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    public TreeNode constructMaximumBinaryTree(int[] nums) {
        if (nums == null) return null;
        return build(nums, 0, nums.length - 1);
    }
    
    private TreeNode build(int[] nums, int start, int end) {
        if (start > end) return null;
        
        int idxMax = start;
        for (int i = start + 1; i <= end; i++) {
            if (nums[i] > nums[idxMax]) {
                idxMax = i;
            }
        }
        
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(nums[idxMax]);
        
        root.left = build(nums, start, idxMax - 1);
        root.right = build(nums, idxMax + 1, end);
        
        return root;
    }
}