1 WAP PUSH 流程简介
WAP Push分为两种:SI(Service Initiate) 和SL(Service Load)。都是服务器端向客户端推送消息的一种方式。
SI是服务器通过网关采用OTA协议把信息发送到手机,手机存储解析并存储信息,然后提示给用户。
在接收到SL消息后,同样也会存储并提示用户(视情况具体对待),区别在于客户端会主动调用浏览器打开SL中附带的连接。
2 WAP PUSH消息体剖析
下面我们以SL为例,来看看WAP PUSH的消息。
一个SL的WAP PUSH消息主体大致如下:
<!--
Service Loading (SL) Document Type Definition.
SL is an XML language. Typical usage:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE sl PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD SL 1.0//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/sl.dtd">
<sl>
href %URI; #REQUIRED
action (execute-low|execute-high|cache) "execute-low"
</sl>
大家都看到了,其实内容很少,包括一个连接和一个action控制执行的优先级。
由于考虑到节约网络数据的传输,往往都是将这些文本转化为WBXML格式再进行传输。WBXML是一种压缩的二进制表示方式,有严格的定义。对于标签和属性,定义如下表:
Tag Name Token
sl 5
Attribute Name Attribute Value Prefix Token
action execute-low 5
action execute-high 6
action cache 7
href 8
href http:// 9
href http://www. A
href https:// B
href https://www. C
Attribute Value Token
.com/ 85
.edu/ 86
.net/ 87
.org/ 88
文本中的对应Tag和Attribute value会被Token代替,以减少文本大小。我们看下面一段内容:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE sl PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD SL 1.0//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/sl.dtd"> <sl href="http://www.xyz.com/ppaid/123/abc.wml"></sl>
总共有159个字节。
我们使用WBXML格式来表示,如下表对应关系:
Token Stream Description
02 Version number - WBXML version 1.2
06 SL 1.0 Public Identifier
6A Charset=UTF-8 (MIBEnum 106)
00 String table length
05 sl, with attributes
0A Token for "href="http://www."
03 Inline string follows
‘x’, ‘y’, ‘z’, 00 String
85 Token for ".com/"
03 Inline string follows
‘p’, ‘p’, ‘a’, ‘i’, ‘d’, ‘/’, ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘/’, ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘.’, ‘w’, ‘m’, ‘l’, 00 String
01 END (of sl attribute list)
这样一来,就是:
02 06 6A 00 05 0A 03 'x' 'y' 'z' 00 85 03 'p' 'p' 'a'
'i' 'd' '/' '1' '2' '3' '/' 'a' 'b' 'c' '.' 'w' 'm' 'l' 00 01
总共才需要32个字节, 大大减少了数据量。
以上的只是消息主体内容,在传输过来的时候,还需要加上一些附加的信息,如
mimeType: 表示是SI还是SL, application/vnd.wap.sic或者 application/vnd.wap.slc (text/vnd.wap.sl).
transactionId: 用于分段发送大数据量的消息, 这些消息具有相同的trasactionId.
pduType: 未识别
header: 附加信息,用于标示特定的业务。
3 Android中解析WAP PUSH
按照以上所述,网络传输过来的是WBXML数据,通常我们需要按照Token表对应的进行解析,才可以得到XML格式的正文,从而获取href和 action。 庆幸的是Android中在framework层的WapPushOverSms.Java中已经完成了对消息的部分解析,把mimeType, trasactionId, pduType, header 和 data分离出来,放在intent的传递参数中了。看以下代码:
private void dispatchWapPdu_PushCO(byte[] pdu, int transactionId, int pduType,
int headerStartIndex, int headerLength) {
byte[] header = new byte[headerLength];
System.arraycopy(pdu, headerStartIndex, header, 0, header.length);
Intent intent = new Intent(Intents.WAP_PUSH_RECEIVED_ACTION);
intent.setType(WspTypeDecoder.CONTENT_MIME_TYPE_B_PUSH_CO);
intent.putExtra("transactionId", transactionId);
intent.putExtra("pduType", pduType);
intent.putExtra("header", header);
intent.putExtra("data", pdu);
mSmsDispatcher.dispatch(intent, "android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH");
}
我们在应用层只需要添加对WAP_PUSH_RECEIVED_ACTION的监听,便可获取到这个WAP PUSH。 下面以接收中国移动DCD业务的WAP PUSH为例,看看是如何实现的。
需要写一个DcdWapPushReceiver.java:
public class DcdWapPushReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
private static final String LOGTAG = "DcdPushReceiver";
public static final String CONTENT_MIME_TYPE_B_PUSH_SL = "application/vnd.wap.slc";
public static final String APPLICATION_DCD_ID = "application/x-oma-DCD:DCD.ua";
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
//only deal with SL WAP PUSH
if (intent.getAction().equals(WAP_PUSH_RECEIVED_ACTION)
&& CONTENT_MIME_TYPE_B_PUSH_SL.equals(intent.getType())) {
// Start a new AsyncTask to process the data.
if (APPLICATION_DCD_ID.equals(getAppIdFromIntent(intent))) {
new ReceivePushTask(context).execute(intent);
}
}
}
/*
* get application id from intent header.
* <==header sample==>
* B0 B4 87 AF application/x-oma-DCD:DCD.ua 00 Encoding-Version 00
*/
public static String getAppIdFromIntent(Intent intent) {
byte[] header = intent.getByteArrayExtra("header");
if (header == null) {
return null;
}
String str = new String(header);
int start = str.indexOf("application/");
if (start > 0) {
//application id end with 00.
int end = str.indexOf(0x00);
if (end > 0) {
str = str.substring(start, end);
return str;
}
}
return null;
}
private class ReceivePushTask extends AsyncTask<Intent, Void, Void> {
private Context mContext;
public ReceivePushTask(Context context) {
mContext = context;
}
protected Void doInBackground(Intent... intents)
{
Intent intent = intents[0];
// step1. obtain wbxml data from intent.
byte[] pushData = intent.getByteArrayExtra("data");
String wbxmlData = "";
for (byte by: pushData) {
wbxmlData = wbxmlData + by + " ";
}
Debug.print("wap push data = "+wbxmlData);
// step2. pass the data to WapPushParser and get the parsing result.
DcdWapPushParser parser = new DcdWapPushParser(pushData);
DcdWapPushMsg pushMsg = null;
if (CONTENT_MIME_TYPE_B_PUSH_SL.equals(intent.getType())) {
pushMsg = parser.parse(DcdWapPushMsg.WAP_PUSH_TYPE_SL);
}
if (null == pushMsg) {
Debug.error("Invalid WAP PUSH data");
return null;
}
//get href
String href = pushMsg.getAttributeValueString(DcdWapPushMsg.WAP_PUSH_PROJECTION_HREF);
Debug.print("href = " + href);
Intent i = new Intent(mContext, DcdCmService.class);
//step3. sync invoked by wap push, so set sync type to SVR
//i.putExtra("syncType", DcdCmService.SYNC_TYPE_SVR);
//i.putExtra("href", href);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putBoolean(DcdCmService.NOTIFICATION_WAPPUSH, true);
bundle.putString("syncType", DcdRequest.REQUEST_TYPE_SVR);
bundle.putString("href", href);
i.putExtras(bundle);
//start sync service
mContext.startService(i);
return null;
}
}
}
在AndroidManifest.xml中注册这个接收器:
<receiver android:name=".contentmanager.DcdWapPushReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.WAP_PUSH_RECEIVED" />
<data android:mimeType="application/vnd.wap.slc" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>