Write ActionForm classes:
An ActionForm class captures input form data that is entered by an end user. An ActionForm calss is a JavaBean and each input form data field is mapped to a property of the ActionForm class. Consequently you write getter and setter methods for each of the properties.
In the example below, there is only one ActionForm class defined and it is SubmitForm class. In the SubmitForm.java code shown below, you see getter and setter methods of lastname, address, sex, married, and age properties.
As was mentioned before, Struts framework creates ActionForm object instance and uses the setter methods to set the values of the properties with the input form data values that are received from the browser and then pass it as an argument to the execute() method of the Action class.
Another important piece of code you could have inside your ActionForm class is the validate() method, in which you provide input validation logic. In this example, the input validation logic is basically making sure the user entered somthing for each input field. In other words, if nothing is entered for address field, an ActionErrors object is created and returned to Struts framework.
Example 1 (SubmitForm.java):
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Write Action classes:
As was mentioned before, for each request, the execute() method of the Action class get invoked by the Struts framework. So the execute() method is the place where you want to provide business logic of your application. In the example below, the business logic is basically changing the last name into upper case. However, in practice, you could include more sophisticated business logic code that might access EJB's, backend database or Web services.
Please note the arguments that are passed to the execute() method. They are ActionMapping object, ActionForm object, HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse objects.
- ActionMapping: The ActionMapping class contains findForward("<outcome>") method that you can call within the execute() method of Action calss in order to select the next page to display. The findForward("<outcome>") method returns ActionForward object. the Struts framework uses the returned ActionForward object and navigation rules specified in the struts-config.xml file to make a next page selection. In the example below, the outcome that gets returned from the excute() method is always "success". And as you've seen above. In this example, the navigation rule in struts-config.xml says to display submit.jsp page when the outcome is "success" and display the same submit.jsp page when the outcome is "failure". So in this struts-submit example, the next page that gets selected for display is always submit.jsp page.
- ActionForm: As was mentioned above, the ActionForm object captures the input data that are entered by the user. In this example, the ActionForm object is then cast to SubmitForm object. Then you can use getter methods of the SubmitForm object in order to access the data.
Example (SubmitAction.java):
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