Linux使用笔记：Oracle数据库安装配置（命令行安装）

1. Oracle数据库安装配置

1.1. 安装准备

# root用户
su - root

# 检查
rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 libX11 libX11*.i686 libXau libXau*.i686 libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686  libxcb libxcb*.i686 make nfs-utils net-tools smartmontools sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel gcc gcc-c++ libXext libXext*.i686 zlib-devel zlib-devel*.i686 unzip

# 安装必要包
yum install -y compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686
yum install -y glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686
yum install -y ksh libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686
yum install -y libX11 libX11*.i686 libXau libXau*.i686 libXi libXi*.i686
yum install -y libXtst libXtst*.i686 libgcc*.i686 libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686
yum install -y libxcb libxcb*.i686 make nfs-utils net-tools smartmontools sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ libXext libXext*.i686 zlib-devel zlib-devel*.i686 unzip

1.2. 修改内核参数

# 将以下内容添加到/etc/sysctl.conf中。
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
============================================================
# Oracle Install
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 8329226240
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
============================================================

# 配置生效
sysctl -p
sysctl -a

1.3. 创建安装用户和目录

# 为Oracle创建一个用户组，名字是Oracle，并对该用户设置登录密码。
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

# 修改用户密码
echo "123" | passwd --stdin oracle

# 建立安装目录
mkdir /u01
# oracle数据库安装目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
# oracle数据库配置文件目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
# 存放数据库的数据目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata
# 存放数据库备份文件
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata_back

# 修改权限
chmod -R 775 /u01/app
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

1.4. 修改配置文件

# 配置 /etc/profile
vim /etc/profile
============================================================
# Oracle Install
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536a
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
============================================================

# 配置 /home/oracle/.bash_profile
vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
============================================================
# Oracle Install
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
============================================================

# 使配置生效
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

# 配置 /etc/security/limits.conf
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
============================================================
# Oracle Install
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
============================================================

1.5. 开始安装

1.5.1. 上传安装包

# 下载
cd /u01
# 把下载好的安装包放到/u01目录下，并解压。
unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip

1.5.2. 静默安装(命令行安装)

# 修改应答文件
vim /u01/database/response/db_install.rsp
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