SpringMVC组件与流程解析

1、前言

从技术角度去思考,任何一个现存的框架都有其存在理由,而这个理由就是解决实际的问题,或者提供更好的解决问题的方案。(此处预留一个滑稽)

2、SpringMVC解决了什么

相较于传统Servlet,SpringMVC为我们带来了以下功能:

  1. URL映射
  2. 表单参数映射
  3. 调用目标controller
  4. 数据模型映射
  5. 视图解析
  6. 异常处理

而SpringMVC之所以能够实现这些功能,则得益于它的一系列组件:

  1. HandlerMapping:url与控制器的映射
  2. HandlerAdapter:控制器执行适配器
  3. ViewResolver:视图解析器
  4. View:视图
  5. HandlerExceptionResolver:异常捕捉器
  6. HandlerInterceptor:拦截器

3、SpringMVC处理流程

从使用者的角度来看,我们对SpringMVC的感知仅仅在于配置了DispatcherServlet,即使是使用@Controller注解,也只是在xml文件中加上注解扫描路径

<context:component-scan base-package="xxx"/>

良好的框架封装以及设计使得我们在使用SpringMVC时十分方便,但也因此导致了大部分人知其然而不知其所以然,更别提SpringBoot零配置带来的便利。

所以我们先从上帝视角来看看,SpringMVC是怎么处理的:



4、DispatcherServlet源码

这里贴一下对源码的解读

protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
		boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

		WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

		try {
			ModelAndView mv = null;
			Exception dispatchException = null;

			try {
				//检查请求是否是multipart(即文件上传),若是进行相关处理
				processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
				multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);

				// Determine handler for the current request.
				//获取request的Handler方法,handler被封装为HandlerExecutionChain,
				//HandlerExecutionChain为handler方法加上拦截器的集合。
				//包括了interceptor的前置和后置方法
				mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
				if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
					noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
					return;
				}

				// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
				//根据处理器(handler及HandlerExecutionChain)获取处理器适配器
				//(处理器适配器是为了提供统一接口进行后续处理,从而支持多种类型的处理器)
				HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

				// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
				String method = request.getMethod();
				boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
				if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
					long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "] is: " + lastModified);
					}
					if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
						return;
					}
				}
				//执行chain中拦截器附加的预处理方法,即preHandle方法    
				if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
					return;
				}

				// Actually invoke the handler.
				//适配器统一执行handle方法(适配器统一接口的作用),此处是真正处理业务逻辑的地方
				mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

				if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
					return;
				}

				applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
				//执行chain中拦截器附加的后处理方法,即postHandle方法
				mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				dispatchException = ex;
			}
			catch (Throwable err) {
				// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
				// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
				dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
			}
			//处理请求分发的结果
			processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
		}
		catch (Throwable err) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
					new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
		}
		finally {
			if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
				// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
				if (mappedHandler != null) {
					mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
				}
			}
			else {
				// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
				if (multipartRequestParsed) {
					//清除现场工作,如果是multipart的请求,清空上传的multipart
					cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
				}
			}
		}
	}
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值