Java的内省

基本概念:

    Java中提供了一套API用来访问某个属性的getter/setter方法,通过这些API可以使你不需要了解这个规则,这些API存放于包java.beans中,一般的做法是通过类Introspector的getBeanInfo方法来获取某个对象的BeanInfo信息,然后通过BeanInfo来获取属性的描述器(PropertyDescriptor),通过这个属性描述器就可以获取某个属性对应的getter/setter方法,然后我们就可以通过反射机制来调用这些方法.

例子:

//创建类Config

public class Config {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String url;

    public Config() {
    }

    public Config(String username, String password, String url) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.url = url;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Config{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", url='" + url + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getUrl() {
        return url;
    }

    public void setUrl(String url) {
        this.url = url;
    }
}

//生成Config.properties配置文件

Config.bean=com.clayfan.Config.Config
Config.username=tom
Config.password=123456
Config.url=https://www.baidu.com

//生成工厂对象

public class BeanFactory {
    private static Properties pro = new Properties();
    static{
        InputStream resourceAsStream = Thread.currentThread()
                .getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("com/clayfan/Config/Config.properties");
        try {
            pro.load(resourceAsStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static Object getBean(String name){
        String bean = pro.getProperty(name);
        Object target = null;
        try {
            Class<?> aClass = Class.forName(bean);
            target= aClass.newInstance();
            BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(aClass);
            PropertyDescriptor[] propertyDescriptors = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
            for (int i = 0; i < propertyDescriptors.length; i++) {
                String propername = propertyDescriptors[i].getName();
                Method writeMethod = propertyDescriptors[i].getWriteMethod();
                if("username".equals(propername)){
                    writeMethod.invoke(target,pro.getProperty("Config.username"));
                }else if ("password".equals(propername)){
                    writeMethod.invoke(target,pro.getProperty("Config.password"));
                }else if("url".equals(propername)){
                    writeMethod.invoke(target,pro.getProperty("Config.url"));
                }
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IntrospectionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return target;
    }
}

//测试

public class BeanFactoryTest {
    @Test
    public void test(){
        Config bean = (Config)BeanFactory.getBean("Config.bean");
        System.out.println(bean);
    }
}