基于Servlet的AJAX
这是一个很常见的UI,当用户在第一个选择框里选择ZHEJIANG时,第二个选择框要出现ZHEJIANG的城市;当用户在第一个选择框里选择JIANGSU时,第二个选择框里要出现JIANGSU的城市。
首先,我们来看配置文件web.xml,在里面配置一个servlet,跟往常一样:
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SelectCityServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.stephen.servlet.SelectCityServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SelectCityServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/SelectCityServlet</url-pattern>
转自:伊图教程网[www.etoow.com]
http://www.etoow.com/html/2007-05/1178781098.html
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
然后,来看我们的JSP文件:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>MyHtml.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page">
<!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">-->
</head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function getResult(stateVal) {
var url = "servlet/SelectCityServlet?state="+stateVal;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
}else if (window.ActiveXObject) {
req = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
if(req){
req.open("GET",url, true);
req.onreadystatechange = complete;
req.send(null);
}
}
function complete(){
if (req.readyState == 4) {
if (req.status == 200) {
var city = req.responseXML.getElementsByTagName("city");
file://alert(city.length);
var str=new Array();
for(var i=0;i<city.length;i++){ str[i]=city[i].firstChild.data;
}
file://alert(document.getElementById("city"));
buildSelect(str,document.getElementById("city"));
}
}
}
function buildSelect(str,sel) {
sel.options.length=0;
for(var i=0;i<str.length;i++)
{
sel.options[sel.options.length]=new Option(str[i],str[i])
}
}
</script>
<body>
<select name="state" onChange="getResult(this.value)">
<option value="">Select</option>>
<option value="zj">ZEHJIANG</option>>
<option value="zs">JIANGSU</option>>
</select>
<select id="city">
<option value="/blog/">CITY</option>
</select>
</body>
</html>
第一眼看来,跟我们平常的JSP没有两样。仔细一看,不同在JS里头。
我们首先来看第一个方法:getResult(stateVal),在这个方法里,首先是取得XmlHttpRequest;然后设置该请求的url:req.open("GET",url, true);接着设置请求返回值的接收方法:req.onreadystatechange = complete;该返回值的接收方法为——complete();最后是发送请求:req.send(null);
然后我们来看我们的返回值接收方法:complete(),这这个方法里,首先判断是否正确返回,如果正确返回,用DOM对返回的XML文件进行解析。关于DOM的使用,这里不再讲述,请大家参阅相关文档。得到city的值以后,再通过buildSelect(str,sel)方法赋值到相应的选择框里头去。
最后我们来看看Servlet文件:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* @author Administrator
*
* TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
*/
public class SelectCityServlet extends HttpServlet {
public SelectCityServlet() {
super();
}
public void destroy() {
super.destroy();
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/xml");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
String state = request.getParameter("state");
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("<state>");
if ("zj".equals(state)){
sb.append("<city>hangzhou</city><city>huzhou</city>");
} else if("zs".equals(state)){
sb.append("<city>nanjing</city><city>yangzhou</city><city>suzhou</city>");
}
sb.append("</state>");
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
out.write(sb.toString());
out.close();
}
}
这个类也十分简单,首先是从request里取得state参数,然后根据state参数生成相应的XML文件,最后将XML文件输出到PrintWriter对象里。
到现在为止,第一个例子的代码已经全部结束。是不是比较简单?我们进入到第二个实例吧!这次是基于JSP的AJAX的一个应用。
三、基于JSP的AJAX
这个例子是关于输入校验的问题,我们知道,在申请用户的时候,需要去数据库对该用户性进行唯一性确认,然后才能继续往下申请。
这种校验需要访问后台数据库,但又不希望用户在这里提交后等待,当然是AJAX技术大显身手的时候了。
首先来看显示UI的JSP:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>Check.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page">
<!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">-->
</head>
<script type="text/javascript">
var http_request = false;
function send_request(url) {//初始化、指定处理函数、发送请求的函数
http_request = false;
file://开始初始化XMLHttpRequest对象
if(window.XMLHttpRequest) { file://Mozilla 浏览器
http_request = new XMLHttpRequest();
if (http_request.overrideMimeType) {//设置MiME类别
http_request.overrideMimeType('text/xml');
}
}
else if (window.ActiveXObject) { // IE浏览器
try {
http_request = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
} catch (e) {
try {
http_request = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
} catch (e) {}
转自:伊图教程网[www.etoow.com]
http://www.etoow.com/html/2007-05/1178781098-2.html
}
}
if (!http_request) { // 异常,创建对象实例失败
window.alert("不能创建XMLHttpRequest对象实例.");
return false;
}
http_request.onreadystatechange = processRequest;
// 确定发送请求的方式和URL以及是否同步执行下段代码
http_request.open("GET", url, true);
http_request.send(null);
}
// 处理返回信息的函数
function processRequest() {
if (http_request.readyState == 4) { // 判断对象状态
if (http_request.status == 200) { // 信息已经成功返回,开始处理信息
alert(http_request.responseText);
} else { file://页面不正常
alert("您所请求的页面有异常。");
}
}
}
function userCheck() {
var f = document.form1;
var username = f.username.value;
if(username=="") {
window.alert("The user name can not be null!");
f.username.focus();
return false;
}
else {
send_request('check1.jsp?username='+username);
}
}
</script>
<body>
<form name="form1" action="" method="post">
User Name:<input type="text" name="username" value="">
<input type="button" name="check" value="check" onClick="userCheck()">
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
所有的JS都跟上一个例子一样,不同的只是对返回值的操作,这次是用alert来显示:alert(http_request.responseText);
我们来看处理逻辑JSP:
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=gb2312" language="java" errorPage="" %>
<%
String username= request.getParameter("username");
if("educhina".equals(username)) out.print("用户名已经被注册,请更换一个用户名。");
else out.print("用户名尚未被使用,您可以继续。");
%>
非常简单,先取得参数,然后作处理,最后将结果打印在out里。
我们的第三个例子仍然以这个唯一性校验为例子,这次结合Struts开发框架来完成AJAX的开发。
四、基于Struts的AJAX
首先,我们仍然是对Struts应用来做配置,仍然是在struts-config,xml文件里做配置,如下:
<action type="com.ajax.CheckAction"
scope="request" path="/ajax/check">
<forward name="success" path="/check.jsp"/>
</action>
跟普通的Struts应用的配置一样,只是没有ActionForm的配置。
下面是Action类:
package com.ajax;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm;
/**
* @author Administrator
*
* TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
*/
public class CheckAction extends Action
{
public final ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception
{
System.out.println("haha...............................");
String username= request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println(username);
String retn;
if("educhina".equals(username)) retn = "Can't use the same name with the old use,pls select a difference...";
else retn = "congraducation!you can use this name....";
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
out.write(retn);
out.close();
return mapping.findForward("success");
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
}
}
我们可以看到里面的逻辑跟上例中Servlet里的逻辑一样。最后,我们来看看JSP:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>Check.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page">
<!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">-->
</head>
<script type="text/javascript">
var http_request = false;
function send_request(url) {//初始化、指定处理函数、发送请求的函数
http_request = false;
file://开始初始化XMLHttpRequest对象
if(window.XMLHttpRequest) { file://Mozilla 浏览器
http_request = new XMLHttpRequest();
if (http_request.overrideMimeType) {//设置MiME类别
http_request.overrideMimeType('text/xml');
}
}
else if (window.ActiveXObject) { // IE浏览器
try {
http_request = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
} catch (e) {
try {
http_request = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
} catch (e) {}
}
}
if (!http_request) { // 异常,创建对象实例失败
window.alert("不能创建XMLHttpRequest对象实例.");
return false;
}
http_request.onreadystatechange = processRequest;
// 确定发送请求的方式和URL以及是否同步执行下段代码
http_request.open("GET", url, true);
http_request.send(null);
}
// 处理返回信息的函数
function processRequest() {
if (http_request.readyState == 4) { // 判断对象状态
if (http_request.status == 200) { // 信息已经成功返回,开始处理信息
alert(http_request.responseText);
} else { file://页面不正常
alert("您所请求的页面有异常。");
}
}
}
function userCheck() {
var f = document.forms[0];
var username = f.username.value;
if(username=="") {
window.alert("The user name can not be null!");
f.username.focus();
return false;
}
else {
send_request('ajax/check.do?username='+username);
}
}
</script>
<body>
<form name="form1" action="" method="post">
User Name:<input type="text" name="username" value="">
<input type="button" name="check" value="check" onClick="userCheck()">
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="/blog/submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
我们可以看到,JSP基本是一样的,除了要发送的url:ajax/check.do?username="+username。