Python执行js (PyExecJS/node.js/Playwright/STPyV8/quickjs)、google翻译、百度翻译、有道翻译、百度指数

1、Python 执行 JavaScript 代码

• 通过 Python 模块 execjs 来执行 js 文件，适用于基本的JavaScript操作。PyExecJS 是对 execjs 库的封装，提供更多功能和更好的性能。PyExecJS 一代已经停止更新，二代(PyExecJS2)在 Apr 29, 2022也停止更新。安装 PyExecJS：pip install PyExecJS2    PyExecJS：https://pypi.org/search/?q=PyExecJS
• 通过 Python 调用 node.js（需要先安装 node.js）
  import subprocess
  result = subprocess.check_output(["node", "-e", node_script], text=True)
  print(result) # 输出：5
• 使用浏览器引擎执行 js：Selenium 和 Playwright
• STPyV8 是基于 PyV8(在已经停止更新) 的分支，已更改为最新的 Google V8 引擎和 Python3 。安装：pip install stpyv8
• quickjs：pypi：https://pypi.org/search/?q=quickjs 
          pip install quickjs
          pip install pyquickjs
  使用方法：https://github.com/hjdhnx/pyquickjs/blob/main/test_quickjs.py
• Js2Py：是用纯 python 编写并实现 JavaScript 核心，没有任何依赖关系。可以将 JavaScript 转换为 Python 代码。Js2Py 能够翻译和执行几乎任何 JavaScript 代码。安装：pip install Js2Py

pypi 搜索 javascript，就可以找到对应的 Python 包

• ：https://pypi.org/search/?q=javascript
• ：https://pypi.org/search/?q=quickjs

python 嵌入 js 引擎的包，不需要再单独安装 nodejs

• PythonMonkey：https://pypi.org/project/pythonmonkey/
• Duktape：https://pypi.org/search/?q=Duktape
• thquickjs：https://pypi.org/project/thquickjs/
• Python Mini Racer：https://pypi.org/project/mini-racer/

通过 PyExecJS  执行 js

execjs 只支持一些常规的 js：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42081389/article/details/99984352

import execjs
print(execjs.get().name)
运行结果：Node.js (v8)
如果你成功安装好 PyExecJS 库和Nodejs 的话其结果就是 Nodejs(V8)。当然，如果安装的是其他的JavaScript运行环境，结果也会有所不同。

示例：

import execjs
js_str = '''
function add(x, y){
    return x + y;
}
'''
test = execjs.compile(js_str)

# call 即调用 js 函数，add 为 js_str 中的函数名，1，2 为所需要的参数。
result = test.call('add', 1, 2)
print(result)

对简单的话，可以用Python 完全重写一遍。但是现实情况往往不是这样的，一般来说，一些加密相关的方法通常会引用一些相关标准库,比如说JavaSript就有一个广泛使用的库叫作 crypto-js，这个库实现了很多主流的加密算法，包括对称加密、非对称加密、字符编码等。比如对于AES 加密通常我们需要输入待加密文本和加密密钥，实现如下:
const ciphertext = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(message, key).toString();

示例 ：https://spa7.scrape.center/

打开 Sources 面板，可以非常轻易地找到加密字符串的生成逻辑。首先声明一个球员相关的列表，然后对于每一个球员，调用加密算法对其信息进行加密。可以添加断点看看。可以看到，getToken 方法的输人就是单个球员的信息，就是上述列表的一个元素对象，然后this.key就是一个固定的字符串。整个加密逻辑就是提取球员的名字、生日、身高、体重，接着先进行Base64编码，然后进行DES加密，最后返回结果。加密算法是怎么实现的呢?其实就是依赖了cryptojs 库，使用CryptoJS对象来实现的。

那么，CryptoJS 这个对象是哪里来的呢?

就是网站直接引用了crypto-js库。执行 <script src="js/crypto-js.min.js"></script> 后，crypto-js 就被注人浏览器全局环境下，因此我们就可以在别的方法里直接使用 CryptoJS 对象里的方法了。

因此，要模拟执行的内容就是以下两部分

• 模拟运行 crypto-js.min.js 里面的 JavaScript，用于声明 CryptoJS 对象
• 模拟运行 getToken 方法的定义，用于声明 getToken 方法。

接下来，把 crypto-js.min.js 里面的代码 getToken 方法的代码都复制粘贴到一个 JavaScript 文件里面，比如就叫作 crypto.js

crypto.js 代码

Python 代码

import execjs
import json

item = {
    'name': '凯文-杜兰特',
    'image': 'durant.png',
    'birthday': '1988-09-29',
    'height': '208cm',
    'weight': '108.9KG'
}

js_file = 'crypto.js'
node = execjs.get()
# compile 方法返回一个 JavaScript 的上下文对象.
# 接着调用node的compile方法这里给它传人刚才定义的crypto.js文件的文本内容
# compile方法会返回一个JavaScript的上下文对象, 这里将其赋给ctx。
# 执行到这里，其实就可以理解为ctx对象里面就执行过了crypto-js.min.js，CryptoJS就声明好了，
# 然后紧接着 getToken 方法的声明代码也被执行，所以getToken方法也定义好了
# 到此，完成了一些初始化工作。
ctx = node.compile(open(js_file).read())
js_func = f"getToken({json.dumps(item, ensure_ascii=False)})"
print(js_func)
result = ctx.eval(js_func)
print(result)

但是运行后报错：execjs._exceptions.ProgramError: ReferenceError: CryptoJS is not defined

CryptoJS 未定义? 明明执行过 crypto-js.min.js 里面的内容了呀? 问题其实出在 crypto-js.min.js，可以看到其中声明了一个 JavaScript 的自执行方法，

什么是自执行方法呢? 就是声明了一个方法然后紧接着调用执行：!(function(a,b){console.log("result", a, b)))(1，2)

同理 crypto-js.min.js 也符合这个格式，它接收 t 和 e 两个参数，

• t 就是 this，其实就是浏览器中的 window 对象
• e 就是一个 function (用于定义CryptoJS的核心内容)

"object" == typeof exports
    ? module.exports = exports = e() 
    : "function" == typeof define && define.amd 
        ? define([], e) 
        : t.CryptoJS = e()

在Node.js 中，其实 exports 用来将一些对象的定义导出。这里 "object"== typeof exports 的结果其实就是 true，所以就执行了 module.exports = exports =e() 这段代码，这相当于把 e() 作为整体导出，而这个 e() 其实就对应后面的整个 function。function里面定义了加密相关的各个实现其
实就指代整个加密算法库。

但是在浏览器中其结果就不一样了，浏览器环境中并没有 exports 和 define 这两个对象。所以上述代码在浏览器中最后执行的就是 t.CryptoJS =e() 这段代码，其实这里就是把 CryptoJS 对象挂载到this 对象上面，而 this 就是浏览器中的全局 window 对象后面就可以直接用了。如果我们把代码放在浏览器中运行，那没有任何问题。然而我们使用的 PyExecJS 是依赖于一个 Nodejs 执行环境的所以上述代码其实执行的是 module.exports=exports=e() 这里面并没有声明 CryptoJS 对象也没有把 CryptoJS 挂载到全局对象里面所以后面我们再调用 CryptoJS 就自然而然出现了未定义的错误了。
怎么办呢? 其实很简单，直接声明一个 CtyptoJS 变量，然后手动声明一下它的初始化不就好了吗?所以我们可以把代码稍作修改，改成如下内容:

这样就成功得到加密字符串了，成功模拟JavaScript的调用完成了某个加密算法的运行过程。

通过 node 执行 js

方法 1：

上面 PyExecJS 的执行环境是 Nodejs，但在调用过程中发现还是不太方便，可能会出现上面的变量未定义的问题。既然是 Nodejs 环境，为什么不直接用 Nodejs 来执行 JavaScript。

main.js

const CryptoJS = require("./crypto")

function getToken(player) {
    let key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(this.key)
    const {name, birthday, height, weight} = player
    let base64Name = CryptoJS.enc.Base64.stringify(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(name))
    let encrypted = CryptoJS.DES.encrypt(`${base64Name}${birthday}${height}${weight}`, key, {
        mode: CryptoJS.mode.ECB,
        padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7
    })
    return encrypted.toString()
}

const player =  {
    name: '凯文-杜兰特',
    image: 'durant.png',
    birthday: '1988-09-29',
    height: '208cm',
    weight: '108.9KG'
  }

console.log(getToken(player))

执行结果

再来看下面代码

"object" == typeof exports
    ? module.exports = exports = e() 
    : "function" == typeof define && define.amd 
        ? define([], e) 
        : t.CryptoJS = e()

在 Nodes 中定义了exports 这个对象，它用来将一些对象的定义导出。这里 "object" == typeof exports 的结果其实就是 true，所以就执行了 module.exports = exports = e() 这段代码这样就相当于把 e() 作为整体导出了，而这个 e() 其实就对应这后面的整个 function。function里面定义了加密相关的各个实现，其实就指代整个加密算法库。

既然在 crypto.js 里面声明了这个导出，那么怎么导人呢? require 就是导入的意思，导人之后我们把它赋值为了整个 CryptoJS 变量，其实它就代表整个 CryptoJS 加密算法库了。
正是因为我们在Nodejs中有和exports配合的require的调用并将结果赋值给 CryptoJS 变量我们才完成了 CryptoJS 的初始化。因此后面我们就能调用CryptoJS 里面的DESen等各个对象的方法来进行一些加密和编码操作了。

CryptoJS 初始化完成了，接下来 getToken 方法其实就是调用CryptoJS 里面的各个对象的方法实现了整个加密流程，整个逻辑和上一节是一样的。

方法 2：

import os
import subprocess

os.environ['NODE_PATH'] = '/usr/local/lib/node_modules/'

sig_1 = subprocess.getoutput('node js_code.js')
sig_2 = subprocess.run('node js_code.js', shell=True).stdout

javascript 传参

function func(prev){
console.log(prev);
}

let v1 = process.argv[2];
lset data = func(v1);
console.log(data);

// process.argv 返回一个数组，其中包含当Node.js进程启动时传入的命令行参数
// 第一个是启动是process.execPath
// 第二个是执行的JavaScript文件的路径
// 其余的则是任何额外输入的参数
console.log(process.argv);

暴露 node web http 服务

• ：https://juejin.cn/post/7101870857467166728
• ：https://www.zhihu.com/question/598058730
• ：https://juejin.cn/post/7066763942407700510

Express.js：Express 是目前最流行的 Node.js web 框架，提供非常简单的方式来创建Web服务器，且功能足够强大并且足够的轻量，专注于服务器的核心功能。

Node.js Express 框架：https://www.runoob.com/nodejs/nodejs-express-framework.html

示例代码：

const CryptoJS = require("./crypto")

function getToken(player) {
    let key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(this.key)
    const {name, birthday, height, weight} = player
    let base64Name = CryptoJS.enc.Base64.stringify(CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(name))
    let encrypted = CryptoJS.DES.encrypt(`${base64Name}${birthday}${height}${weight}`, key, {
        mode: CryptoJS.mode.ECB,
        padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7
    })
    return encrypted.toString()
}

// server.js
const express = require("express")
const app = express()
const port = 3000

// 解析此应用程序的 JSON 数据。必须放在路由处理代码之前
app.use(express.json())

app.get('/get/', (req, res) => {
    res.send('Hello World!')
})

app.post('/post/', (req, resp) => {
    const req_body = req.body;
    let encrypt_data = getToken(req_body);
    resp.send(encrypt_data);
})

app.listen(port, () => {
    console.log(`Example app listening on port ${port}`)
})

通过 Playwright 执行 js

示例：https://spa2.scrape.center/

添加XHR断点并通过调用栈找到 token 的生成人口

e = Object(i["a"])(this.$store.state.url.index, a);

i["a"] 如下：

大致可以看到，这里又掺杂了时间、SHA1、Base64、列表等各种操作。要深人分析，还是需要花费一些时间的。现在，可以说核心方法已经找到了，参数我们也知道怎么构造了，就是方法内部比较复杂，但我们想要的其实就是这个方法的运行结果，即最终的 token。这时候大家可能就产生了这样的疑问：

• 怎么在不分析该方法逻辑的情况下拿到方法的运行结果呢? 该方法完全可以看成黑盒
• 要直接拿到方法的运行结果，就需要模拟调用了，怎么模拟调用呢?
• 这个方法并不是全局方法，所以没法直接调用，该怎么办呢?

其实是有方法的。

• 模拟调用当然没有问题，问题是在哪里模拟调用。根据上文的分析，既然浏览器中都已经把上下文环境和依赖库都加载成功了，为何不直接用浏览器呢?
• 怎么模拟调用局部方法呢? 很简单，只需要将局部方法挂载到全局window对象上不就好了吗?
• 怎么把局部方法挂载到全局 window 对象上呢? 最简单的方法就是直接改源码。
• 既然已经在浏览器中运行了，又怎么改源码呢? 当然可以，比如利用 playwright 的 Request Interception 机制将想要替换的任意文件进行替换即可。

实现 Object(i["a"])的全局挂载。只需要将其赋值给 window对象的一个属性即可，属性名称任意，但是不能跟现有的属性冲突。

// 先执行代码，加载 Object(i["a"])，加载完成后就完成了初始化
var a = (this.page - 1) * this.limit, e = Object(i["a"])(this.$store.state.url.index, a); 
// 将 i["a"] 全局挂载到 window 对象的属性。这里假设挂到到 encrypt 属性
window.encrypt = Object(i["a"]);
// 以后不管在任何地方调用 window.encrypt 方法就相当于调用了Object(i["a"])方法。

将修改后的整个JavaScript代码文件保存到本地并将其命名为 chunk.js。接下来我们利用 playwright 启动一个浏览器并使用 Request Interception 将 JavaScript 文件替换

import time
import requests
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

BASE_URL = 'https://spa2.scrape.center'
INDEX_URL = BASE_URL + '/api/movie/?limit={limit}&offset={offset}&token={token}'
MAX_PAGE = 10
LIMIT = 10

context = sync_playwright().start()
browser = context.chromium.launch()
page = browser.new_page()
page.route(
    "/js/chunk-10192a00.243b8b7.js",
    lambda route: route.fulfill(path="./chunk.js")
)
page.goto(BASE_URL)


def get_token(offset):
    arg_1 = '/api/movie'
    arg_2 = offset
    result = page.evaluate(f'()=>{{return window.encrypt("{arg_1}"，"{arg_2}")}}')
    return result


for i in range(MAX_PAGE):
    offset = i * LIMIT
    token = get_token(offset)
    index_url = INDEX_URL.format(limit=LIMIT, offset=offset, token=token)
    resp = requests.get(index_url)
    print(f'resp ---> {resp.json()}')

• 第一个参数是原本加载的文件路径，比如原本加载的 JavaScript 路径为 /js/chunk-10192a00.243cb8b7.js
• 第二个参数利用 route 的 fulfill 方法指定本地的文件也就是我们修改后的文件chunk.js

这样 playwright 加载 /js/chunk-10192a00.243cb8b7.js 文件的时候其内容就会被替换为我们本地保存的 chunk.js 文件。当执行之后，Object(i["a"])也就被挂载给 window 对象的 encrypt 属性了，所以调用 window.encrypt 方法就相当于调用了 0bject(i["a"])方法了。

在node.js中 补 浏览器环境

安装 jsdom 来补充浏览器环境
        npm install jsdom -g
安装 canvas
        npm install canvas -g

 

2、自实现分布式爬虫

url_pool.py

参考：https://www.yuanrenxue.com/crawler/news-crawler-urlpool.html

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : 佛祖保佑, 永无 bug
# @Date    :
# @File    : url_pool.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description : XXX


import time
import redis
import pickle
import urllib.parse as urlparse


class UrlDB(object):
    """使用 redis 来存储 URL"""
    status_failure = b'0'
    status_success = b'1'

    def __init__(self, db_name):
        # self.name = db_name + '.urldb'
        # self.db = leveldb.LevelDB(self.name)
        self.name = db_name if db_name else 'redis_hashmap'
        self.db = redis.StrictRedis()

    def set_success(self, url=None):
        if isinstance(url, str):
            url = url.encode('utf8')
        try:
            self.db.hset(self.name, url, self.status_success)
            status = True
        except BaseException as be:
            status = False
        return status

    def set_failure(self, url):
        if isinstance(url, str):
            url = url.encode('utf8')
        try:
            self.db.hset(self.name, url, self.status_failure)
            status = True
        except BaseException as be:
            status = False
        return status

    def has(self, url):
        if isinstance(url, str):
            url = url.encode('utf8')
        try:
            attr = self.db.hget(self.name, url)
            return attr
        except BaseException as be:
            pass
        return False


class UrlPool(object):
    """ 使用 UrlPool 来抓取和管理URLs"""

    def __init__(self, pool_name):
        self.name = pool_name
        self.db = UrlDB(pool_name)

        self.waiting = dict()  # {host: set([urls]), } 按host分组，记录等待下载的URL
        self.pending = dict()  # {url: pended_time, } 记录已被取出（self.pop()）但还未被更新状态（正在下载）的URL
        self.failure = dict()  # {url: times,} 记录失败的URL的次数
        self.failure_threshold = 3
        self.pending_threshold = 10  # pending的最大时间，过期要重新下载
        self.waiting_count = 0  # self.waiting 字典里面的url的个数
        self.max_hosts = ['', 0]  # [host: url_count] 目前pool中url最多的host及其url数量
        self.hub_pool = dict()  # {url: last_query_time, }  存放hub url
        self.hub_refresh_span = 0
        self.load_cache()
        pass

    def __del__(self):
        self.dump_cache()

    def load_cache(self,):
        path = self.name + '.pkl'
        try:
            with open(path, 'rb') as f:
                self.waiting = pickle.load(f)
            cc = [len(v) for k, v in self.waiting.items()]
            print('saved pool loaded! urls:', sum(cc))
        except BaseException as be:
            pass

    def dump_cache(self):
        path = self.name + '.pkl'
        try:
            with open(path, 'wb') as f:
                pickle.dump(self.waiting, f)
            print('self.waiting saved!')
        except BaseException as be:
            pass

    def set_hubs(self, urls, hub_refresh_span):
        self.hub_refresh_span = hub_refresh_span
        self.hub_pool = dict()
        for url in urls:
            self.hub_pool[url] = 0

    def set_status(self, url, status_code):
        if url in self.pending:
            self.pending.pop(url)

        if status_code == 200:
            self.db.set_success(url)
            return
        if status_code == 404:
            self.db.set_failure(url)
            return
        if url in self.failure:
            self.failure[url] += 1
            if self.failure[url] > self.failure_threshold:
                self.db.set_failure(url)
                self.failure.pop(url)
            else:
                self.add(url)
        else:
            self.failure[url] = 1
            self.add(url)

    def push_to_pool(self, url=None):
        host = urlparse.urlparse(url).netloc
        if not host or '.' not in host:
            print('try to push_to_pool with bad url:', url, ', len of ur:', len(url))
            return False
        if host in self.waiting:
            if url in self.waiting[host]:
                return True
            self.waiting[host].add(url)
            if len(self.waiting[host]) > self.max_hosts[1]:
                self.max_hosts[1] = len(self.waiting[host])
                self.max_hosts[0] = host
        else:
            self.waiting[host] = set([url])
        self.waiting_count += 1
        return True

    def add(self, url=None, always=False):
        if always:
            return self.push_to_pool(url)
        pended_time = self.pending.get(url, 0)
        if time.time() - pended_time < self.pending_threshold:
            print('being downloading:', url)
            return
        if self.db.has(url):
            return
        if pended_time:
            self.pending.pop(url)
        return self.push_to_pool(url)

    def add_many(self, url_list=None, always=False):
        if isinstance(url_list, str):
            print('urls is a str !!!!', url_list)
            self.add(url_list, always)
        else:
            for url in url_list:
                self.add(url, always)

    def pop(self, count=None, hub_percent=50):
        print('\n\tmax of host:', self.max_hosts)

        # 取出的url有两种类型：hub=1, 普通=0
        url_attr_url = 0
        url_attr_hub = 1
        # 1. 首先取出hub，保证获取hub里面的最新url.
        hubs = dict()
        hub_count = count * hub_percent // 100
        for hub in self.hub_pool:
            span = time.time() - self.hub_pool[hub]
            if span < self.hub_refresh_span:
                continue
            hubs[hub] = url_attr_hub  # 1 means hub-url
            self.hub_pool[hub] = time.time()
            if len(hubs) >= hub_count:
                break

        # 2. 再取出普通url
        left_count = count - len(hubs)
        urls = dict()
        for host in self.waiting:
            if not self.waiting[host]:
                continue
            url = self.waiting[host].pop()
            urls[url] = url_attr_url
            self.pending[url] = time.time()
            if self.max_hosts[0] == host:
                self.max_hosts[1] -= 1
            if len(urls) >= left_count:
                break
        self.waiting_count -= len(urls)
        print('To pop:%s, hubs: %s, urls: %s, hosts:%s' % (count, len(hubs), len(urls), len(self.waiting)))
        urls.update(hubs)
        return urls

    def size(self,):
        return self.waiting_count

    def empty(self,):
        return self.waiting_count == 0


def test():
    pool = UrlPool('crawl_url_pool')
    urls = [
        'http://1.a.cn/xyz',
        'http://2.a.cn/xyz',
        'http://3.a.cn/xyz',
        'http://1.b.cn/xyz-1',
        'http://1.b.cn/xyz-2',
        'http://1.b.cn/xyz-3',
        'http://1.b.cn/xyz-4',
    ]
    pool.add_many(urls)
    # del pool
    # pool = UrlPool('crawl_url_pool')

    urls = pool.pop(5)
    urls = list(urls.keys())
    print('pop:', urls)
    print('pending:', pool.pending)

    pool.set_status(urls[0], 200)
    print('pending:', pool.pending)
    pool.set_status(urls[1], 404)
    print('pending:', pool.pending)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test()

ezpymysql.py

：https://www.yuanrenxue.com/crawler/news-crawler-mysql-tool.html

# file: ezpymysql.py
# Author: veelion

"""A lightweight wrapper around PyMySQL.
only for python3

"""

import time
import logging
import traceback
import pymysql
import pymysql.cursors

version = "0.7"
version_info = (0, 7, 0, 0)


class Connection(object):
    """A lightweight wrapper around PyMySQL."""

    def __init__(self, host, database, user=None, password=None,
                 port=0, max_idle_time=7 * 3600, connect_timeout=10,
                 time_zone="+0:00", charset="utf8mb4", sql_mode="TRADITIONAL"):
        self.host = host
        self.database = database
        self.max_idle_time = float(max_idle_time)

        args = dict(
            use_unicode=True, charset=charset, database=database,
            init_command=('SET time_zone = "%s"' % time_zone),
            cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor,
            connect_timeout=connect_timeout, sql_mode=sql_mode
        )
        if user is not None:
            args["user"] = user
        if password is not None:
            args["passwd"] = password

        # We accept a path to a MySQL socket file or a host(:port) string
        if "/" in host:
            args["unix_socket"] = host
        else:
            self.socket = None
            pair = host.split(":")
            if len(pair) == 2:
                args["host"] = pair[0]
                args["port"] = int(pair[1])
            else:
                args["host"] = host
                args["port"] = 3306
        if port:
            args['port'] = port

        self._db = None
        self._db_args = args
        self._last_use_time = time.time()
        try:
            self.reconnect()
        except BaseException as be:
            logging.error("Cannot connect to MySQL on %s", self.host, exc_info=True)

    def _ensure_connected(self):
        # Mysql by default closes client connections that are idle for
        # 8 hours, but the client library does not report this fact until
        # you try to perform a query and it fails.  Protect against this
        # case by preemptively closing and reopening the connection
        # if it has been idle for too long (7 hours by default).
        if self._db is None or (time.time() - self._last_use_time > self.max_idle_time):
            self.reconnect()
        self._last_use_time = time.time()

    def _cursor(self):
        self._ensure_connected()
        return self._db.cursor()

    def __del__(self):
        self.close()

    def close(self):
        """Closes this database connection."""
        if getattr(self, "_db", None) is not None:
            self._db.close()
            self._db = None

    def reconnect(self):
        """Closes the existing database connection and re-opens it."""
        self.close()
        self._db = pymysql.connect(**self._db_args)
        self._db.autocommit(True)

    def query(self, query, *parameters, **kwparameters):
        """Returns a row list for the given query and parameters."""
        cursor = self._cursor()
        try:
            cursor.execute(query, kwparameters or parameters)
            result = cursor.fetchall()
            return result
        finally:
            cursor.close()

    def get(self, query, *parameters, **kwparameters):
        """Returns the (singular) row returned by the given query.
        """
        cursor = self._cursor()
        try:
            cursor.execute(query, kwparameters or parameters)
            return cursor.fetchone()
        finally:
            cursor.close()

    def execute(self, query, *parameters, **kwparameters):
        """Executes the given query, returning the lastrowid from the query."""
        cursor = self._cursor()
        try:
            cursor.execute(query, kwparameters or parameters)
            return cursor.lastrowid
        except Exception as e:
            if e.args[0] == 1062:
                pass
            else:
                traceback.print_exc()
                raise e
        finally:
            cursor.close()

    insert = execute
    # =============== high level method for table ===================

    def table_has(self, table_name, field, value):
        if isinstance(value, str):
            value = value.encode('utf8')
        sql_str = f'SELECT {field} FROM {table_name} WHERE {field}="{value}"'
        d = self.get(sql_str)
        return d

    def table_insert(self, table_name, item):
        """item is a dict : key is mysql table field"""
        fields = list(item.keys())
        values = list(item.values())
        field_str = ','.join(fields)
        val_str = ','.join(['%s'] * len(item))
        for i in range(len(values)):
            if isinstance(values[i], str):
                values[i] = values[i].encode('utf8')
        sql_str = f'INSERT INTO {table_name} ({field_str}) VALUES({val_str})'
        try:
            last_id = self.execute(sql_str, *values)
            return last_id
        except Exception as e:
            if e.args[0] == 1062:
                # just skip duplicated item
                pass
            else:
                traceback.print_exc()
                print('sql:', sql)
                print('item:')
                for i in range(len(fields)):
                    vs = str(values[i])
                    if len(vs) > 300:
                        print(fields[i], ' : ', len(vs), type(values[i]))
                    else:
                        print(fields[i], ' : ', vs, type(values[i]))
                raise e

    def table_update(self, table_name, updates, field_where, value_where):
        """updates is a dict of {field_update:value_update}"""
        upsets = []
        values = []
        for k, v in updates.items():
            s = '%s=%%s' % k
            upsets.append(s)
            values.append(v)
        upsets = ','.join(upsets)
        sql_str = f'UPDATE {table_name} SET {upsets} WHERE {field_where}="{value_where}"'
        self.execute(sql_str, *values)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    db = Connection(
        'localhost',
        'db_name',
        'user',
        'password'
    )
    # 获取一条记录
    sql = 'select * from test_table where id=%s'
    data = db.get(sql, 2)

    # 获取多天记录
    sql = 'select * from test_table where id>%s'
    data = db.query(sql, 2)

    # 插入一条数据
    sql = 'insert into test_table(title, url) values(%s, %s)'
    last_id = db.execute(sql, 'test', 'http://a.com/')
    # 或者
    last_id = db.insert(sql, 'test', 'http://a.com/')

    # 使用更高级的方法插入一条数据
    item = {
        'title': 'test',
        'url': 'http://a.com/',
    }
    last_id = db.table_insert('test_table', item)

functions.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : 佛祖保佑, 永无 bug
# @Date    : 
# @File    : functions.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description : XXX


import re
import requests
import cchardet
import traceback
import urllib.parse as urlparse


async def fetch(session=None, url=None, headers=None, timeout=9, binary=False):
    _headers = {
        'User-Agent': ('Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; '
                       'Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0)'),
    }
    _headers = headers if headers else _headers
    try:
        async with session.get(url, headers=_headers, timeout=timeout) as response:
            status_code = response.status
            html_bin_or_text = ''
            html_content = await response.read()
            if not binary:
                encoding = cchardet.detect(html_content)['encoding']
                html_bin_or_text = html_content.decode(encoding, errors='ignore')
            request_url = str(response.url)
    except Exception as e:
        msg = 'Failed download: {} | exception: {}, {}'.format(url, str(type(e)), str(e))
        print(msg)
        html_bin_or_text = ''
        status_code = -1
        request_url = url
    return status_code, html_bin_or_text, request_url


def downloader(url=None, timeout=10, headers=None, debug=False, binary=False):
    _headers = {
        'User-Agent': ('Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; '
                       'Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0)'),
    }
    _headers = headers if headers else _headers
    request_url = url
    try:
        r = requests.get(url, headers=_headers, timeout=timeout)
        if binary:
            html_bin_or_text = r.content
        else:
            encoding = cchardet.detect(r.content)['encoding']
            html_bin_or_text = r.content.decode(encoding, errors='ignore')
        status_code = r.status_code
        request_url = r.url
    except BaseException as be:
        if debug:
            traceback.print_exc()
        msg = 'failed download: {}'.format(url)
        print(msg)
        html_bin_or_text = b'' if binary else ''
        status_code = -1
    return status_code, html_bin_or_text, request_url


g_bin_postfix = {
    'exe', 'doc', 'docx', 'xls', 'xlsx', 'ppt', 'pptx', 'pdf',
    'jpg', 'png', 'bmp', 'jpeg', 'gif', 'zip', 'rar', 'tar',
    'bz2', '7z', 'gz', 'flv', 'mp4', 'avi', 'wmv', 'mkv', 'apk'
}
g_news_postfix = ['.html?', '.htm?', '.shtml?', '.shtm?']


def clean_url(url=None):
    # 1. 是否为合法的http url
    if not url.startswith('http'):
        return ''
    # 2. 去掉静态化url后面的参数
    for np in g_news_postfix:
        p = url.find(np)
        if p > -1:
            p = url.find('?')
            url = url[:p]
            return url
    # 3. 不下载二进制类内容的链接
    up = urlparse.urlparse(url)
    path = up.path
    if not path:
        path = '/'
    postfix = path.split('.')[-1].lower()
    if postfix in g_bin_postfix:
        return ''

    # 4. 去掉标识流量来源的参数
    # badquery = ['spm', 'utm_source', 'utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign']
    good_queries = []
    for query in up.query.split('&'):
        qv = query.split('=')
        if qv[0].startswith('spm') or qv[0].startswith('utm_'):
            continue
        if len(qv) == 1:
            continue
        good_queries.append(query)
    query = '&'.join(good_queries)
    url = urlparse.urlunparse((
        up.scheme,
        up.netloc,
        path,
        up.params,
        query,
        ''  # crawler do not care fragment
    ))
    return url


g_pattern_tag_a = re.compile(r'<a[^>]*?href=[\'"]?([^> \'"]+)[^>]*?>(.*?)</a>', re.I | re.S | re.M)


def extract_links_re(url=None, html=None):
    """use re module to extract links from html"""
    news_links = set()
    tag_a_list = g_pattern_tag_a.findall(html)
    for tag_a in tag_a_list:
        link = tag_a[0].strip()
        if not link:
            continue
        link = urlparse.urljoin(url, link)
        link = clean_url(link)
        if not link:
            continue
        news_links.add(link)
    return news_links


def init_file_logger(f_name=None):
    # config logging
    import logging
    from logging.handlers import TimedRotatingFileHandler
    ch = TimedRotatingFileHandler(f_name, when="midnight")
    ch.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    # create formatter
    fmt = '%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'
    formatter = logging.Formatter(fmt)
    # add formatter to ch
    ch.setFormatter(formatter)
    logger = logging.getLogger(f_name)
    # add ch to logger
    logger.addHandler(ch)
    return logger


if __name__ == '__main__':
    temp_url = 'http://news.baidu.com/'
    t_status_code, t_html, t_url = downloader(url=temp_url)
    print(f'[{t_status_code}, {t_url}]:{len(t_html)}')

config.py

db_host = 'localhost'
db_db = 'crawler'
db_user = 'your-user'
db_password = 'your-password'

3、同步、异步、分布式

新闻爬虫 ( 同步 )

news_sync.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : 佛祖保佑, 永无 bug
# @Date    : 
# @File    : news_sync.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description : XXX


import urllib.parse as urlparse
import lzma
import farmhash
import traceback


from ezpymysql import Connection
from url_pool import UrlPool
import functions as fn
import config


class NewsCrawlerSync:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.db = Connection(
            config.db_host,
            config.db_db,
            config.db_user,
            config.db_password
        )
        self.logger = fn.init_file_logger(name + '.log')
        self.url_pool = UrlPool(name)
        self.hub_hosts = None
        self.load_hubs()

    def load_hubs(self,):
        sql = 'select url from crawler_hub'
        data = self.db.query(sql)
        self.hub_hosts = set()
        hubs = []
        for d in data:
            host = urlparse.urlparse(d['url']).netloc
            self.hub_hosts.add(host)
            hubs.append(d['url'])
        self.url_pool.set_hubs(hubs, 300)

    def save_to_db(self, url, html):
        url_hash = farmhash.hash64(url)
        sql = f'select url from crawler_html where urlhash={url_hash}'
        d = self.db.get(sql, url_hash)
        if d:
            if d['url'] != url:
                msg = 'farm_hash collision: %s <=> %s' % (url, d['url'])
                self.logger.error(msg)
            return True
        if isinstance(html, str):
            html = html.encode('utf8')
        html_lzma = lzma.compress(html)
        sql = 'insert into crawler_html(urlhash, url, html_lzma) values(%s, %s, %s)'
        good = False
        try:
            self.db.execute(sql, url_hash, url, html_lzma)
            good = True
        except Exception as e:
            if e.args[0] == 1062:
                # Duplicate entry
                good = True
                pass
            else:
                traceback.print_exc()
                raise e
        return good

    def filter_good(self, urls):
        good_links = []
        for url in urls:
            host = urlparse.urlparse(url).netloc
            if host in self.hub_hosts:
                good_links.append(url)
        return good_links

    def process(self, url, is_hub):
        status, html, redirected_url = fn.downloader(url)
        self.url_pool.set_status(url, status)
        if redirected_url != url:
            self.url_pool.set_status(redirected_url, status)
        # 提取hub网页中的链接, 新闻网页中也有“相关新闻”的链接，按需提取
        if status != 200:
            return
        if is_hub:
            new_links = fn.extract_links_re(redirected_url, html)
            good_links = self.filter_good(new_links)
            print(f"{len(good_links)} / {len(new_links)}, good_links/new_links")
            self.url_pool.add_many(good_links)
        else:
            self.save_to_db(redirected_url, html)

    def run(self,):
        while 1:
            urls = self.url_pool.pop(5)
            for url, is_hub in urls.items():
                self.process(url, is_hub)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    crawler = NewsCrawlerSync('sync_spider')
    crawler.run()

新闻爬虫 ( 异步 )

news_async.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : 佛祖保佑, 永无 bug
# @Date    : 
# @File    : news_async.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description : XXX


import traceback
import time
import asyncio
import aiohttp
import urllib.parse as urlparse
import farmhash
import lzma

# import uvloop
# asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(uvloop.EventLoopPolicy())

import sanicdb

from url_pool import UrlPool
import functions as fn
import config


class NewsCrawlerAsync:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.hub_hosts = set()
        self._workers = 0
        self._workers_max = 30
        self.logger = fn.init_file_logger(name + '.log')

        self.url_pool = UrlPool(name)

        self.loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
        self.session = aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=self.loop)
        self.db = sanicdb.SanicDB(
            config.db_host,
            config.db_db,
            config.db_user,
            config.db_password,
            loop=self.loop
        )

    async def load_hubs(self, ):
        sql = 'select url from crawler_hub'
        data = await self.db.query(sql)
        hubs = []
        for d in data:
            host = urlparse.urlparse(d['url']).netloc
            self.hub_hosts.add(host)
            hubs.append(d['url'])
        self.url_pool.set_hubs(hubs, 300)

    async def save_to_db(self, url, html):
        url_hash = farmhash.hash64(url)
        sql = 'select url from crawler_html where urlhash=%s'
        d = await self.db.get(sql, url_hash)
        if d:
            if d['url'] != url:
                msg = 'farmhash collision: %s <=> %s' % (url, d['url'])
                self.logger.error(msg)
            return True
        if isinstance(html, str):
            html = html.encode('utf8')
        html_lzma = lzma.compress(html)
        sql = 'insert into crawler_html(urlhash, url, html_lzma) values(%s, %s, %s)'
        good = False
        try:
            await self.db.execute(sql, url_hash, url, html_lzma)
            good = True
        except Exception as e:
            if e.args[0] == 1062:
                # Duplicate entry
                good = True
                pass
            else:
                traceback.print_exc()
                raise e
        return good

    def filter_good(self, urls):
        good_links = []
        for url in urls:
            host = urlparse.urlparse(url).netloc
            if host in self.hub_hosts:
                good_links.append(url)
        return good_links

    async def process(self, url, is_hub):
        status, html, redirected_url = await fn.fetch(self.session, url)
        self.url_pool.set_status(url, status)
        if redirected_url != url:
            self.url_pool.set_status(redirected_url, status)
        # 提取hub网页中的链接, 新闻网页中也有“相关新闻”的链接，按需提取
        if status != 200:
            self._workers -= 1
            return
        if is_hub:
            new_links = fn.extract_links_re(redirected_url, html)
            good_links = self.filter_good(new_links)
            print(f"{len(good_links)} / {len(new_links)}, good_links / new_links")
            self.url_pool.add_many(good_links)
        else:
            await self.save_to_db(redirected_url, html)
        self._workers -= 1

    async def loop_crawl(self):
        await self.load_hubs()
        last_rating_time = time.time()
        counter = 0
        while 1:
            to_pop = self._workers_max - self._workers
            tasks = self.url_pool.pop(to_pop)
            if not tasks:
                print('no url to crawl, sleep')
                await asyncio.sleep(3)
                continue
            for url, is_hub in tasks.items():
                self._workers += 1
                counter += 1
                print('crawl:', url)
                asyncio.ensure_future(self.process(url, is_hub))

            gap = time.time() - last_rating_time
            if gap > 5:
                rate = counter / gap
                print(f'\tloop_crawl() rate:{round(rate, 2)}, counter: {counter}, workers: {self._workers}')
                last_rating_time = time.time()
                counter = 0
            if self._workers > self._workers_max:
                print('====== got workers_max, sleep 3 sec to next worker =====')
                await asyncio.sleep(3)

    def run(self):
        try:
            self.loop.run_until_complete(self.loop_crawl())
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            print('stopped by yourself!')
            del self.url_pool
            pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    nc = NewsCrawlerAsync('async_spider')
    nc.run()

分布式爬虫 （ CS 模型 ）

server.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : 佛祖保佑, 永无 bug
# @Date    : 
# @File    : server.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description : XXX


from sanic import Sanic
from sanic import response

from my_url_pool import UrlPool

url_pool = UrlPool(__file__)

# 初始化 url_pool，根据你的需要进行修改
hub_urls = []
url_pool.set_hubs(hub_urls, 300)
url_pool.add('https://news.sina.com.cn/')

# init
main_app = Sanic(__name__)


@main_app.listener('after_server_stop')
async def cache_url_pool(app=None, loop=None):
    global url_pool
    print('caching url_pool after_server_stop')
    del url_pool
    print('bye!')


@main_app.route('/task')
async def task_get(request=None):
    count = request.args.get('count', 10)
    try:
        count = int(count)
    except BaseException as be:
        count = 10
    urls = url_pool.pop(count)
    return response.json(urls)


@main_app.route('/task', methods=['POST', ])
async def task_post(request=None):
    result = request.json
    url_pool.set_status(result['url'], result['status'])
    if result['url_real'] != result['url']:
        url_pool.set_status(result['url_real'], result['status'])
    if result['new_urls']:
        print('receive URLs:', len(result['new_urls']))
        for url in result['new_urls']:
            url_pool.add(url)
    return response.text('ok')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main_app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080, debug=False, access_log=False, workers=1)
    pass

client.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : 佛祖保佑, 永无 bug
# @Date    : 
# @File    : client.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description : XXX


import re
import cchardet
import traceback
import time
import json
import asyncio
import urllib.parse as urlparse
import aiohttp

# import uvloop
# asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(uvloop.EventLoopPolicy())

p_tag_a = re.compile(r'<a[^>]*?href=[\'"]?([^> \'"]+)[^>]*?>(.*?)</a>', re.I | re.S | re.M)


def extract_links_re(url, html):
    new_links = set()
    aa = p_tag_a.findall(html)
    for a in aa:
        link = a[0].strip()
        if not link:
            continue
        link = urlparse.urljoin(url, link)
        if not link.startswith('http'):
            continue
        new_links.add(link)
    return new_links


class CrawlerClient:
    def __init__(self, ):
        self._workers = 0
        self.workers_max = 20
        self.server_host = 'localhost'
        self.server_port = 8080
        self.headers = {'User-Agent': ('Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; '
                                       'Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0)')}

        self.loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
        self.queue = asyncio.Queue(loop=self.loop)
        self.session = aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=self.loop)

    async def download(self, url, timeout=25):
        status_code = 900
        html = ''
        url_now = url
        try:
            async with self.session.get(url_now, headers=self.headers, timeout=timeout) as response:
                status_code = response.status
                html = await response.read()
                encoding = cchardet.detect(html)['encoding']
                html = html.decode(encoding, errors='ignore')
                url_now = str(response.url)
        except BaseException as be:
            # traceback.print_exc()
            print('=== exception: ', be, type(be), str(be))
            msg = 'Failed download: {} | exception: {}, {}'.format(url, str(type(be)), str(be))
            print(msg)
        return status_code, html, url_now

    async def get_urls(self, ):
        count = self.workers_max - self.queue.qsize()
        if count <= 0:
            print('no need to get urls this time')
            return None
        url = f'http://{self.server_host}:{self.server_port}/task?count={count}'
        try:
            async with self.session.get(url, timeout=3) as response:
                if response.status not in [200, 201]:
                    return
                jsn = await response.text()
                urls = json.loads(jsn)
                msg = f'get_urls()  to get [{count}] but got[{len(urls)}], @{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")}'
                print(msg)
                for kv in urls.items():
                    await self.queue.put(kv)
                print('queue size:', self.queue.qsize(), ', _workers:', self._workers)
        except BaseException as be:
            traceback.print_exc()
            return

    async def send_result(self, result):
        url = f'http://{self.server_host}:{self.server_port}/task'
        try:
            async with self.session.post(url, json=result, timeout=3) as response:
                return response.status
        except BaseException as be:
            traceback.print_exc()
            pass

    @staticmethod
    def save_html(url, html):
        print('saved:', url, len(html))

    @staticmethod
    def filter_good(urls):
        """根据抓取目的过滤提取的URLs，只要你想要的"""
        good = []
        for url in urls:
            if url.startswith('http'):
                good.append(url)
        return good

    async def process(self, url, is_hub):
        status, html, url_now = await self.download(url)
        self._workers -= 1
        print('downloaded:', url, ', html:', len(html))
        if html:
            new_urls = extract_links_re(url, html)
            new_urls = self.filter_good(new_urls)
            self.save_html(url, html)
        else:
            new_urls = []
        result = {
            'url': url,
            'url_real': url_now,
            'status': status,
            'new_urls': new_urls,
        }
        await self.send_result(result)

    async def loop_get_urls(self, ):
        print('loop_get_urls() start')
        while 1:
            await self.get_urls()
            await asyncio.sleep(1)

    async def loop_crawl(self, ):
        print('loop_crawl() start')
        asyncio.ensure_future(self.loop_get_urls())
        counter = 0
        while 1:
            item = await self.queue.get()
            url, url_level = item
            self._workers += 1
            counter += 1
            asyncio.ensure_future(self.process(url, url_level))

            if self._workers > self.workers_max:
                print('====== got workers_max, sleep 3 sec to next worker =====')
                await asyncio.sleep(3)

    def start(self):
        try:
            self.loop.run_until_complete(self.loop_crawl())
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            print('stopped by yourself!')
            pass


def run():
    ant = CrawlerClient()
    ant.start()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

google 翻译

google 翻译：https://translate.google.cn/

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : 佛祖保佑, 永无 bug
# @Date    :
# @File    : translate_google.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description : XXX

import requests
import urllib3
urllib3.disable_warnings()


def google_translate(kw=None):
    url = 'https://translate.google.cn/_/TranslateWebserverUi/data/batchexecute?rpcids=MkEWBc&hl=zh-CN'

    custom_headers = {
        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8'
    }

    # kw = 'this is a test'
    payload = f"f.req=[[[\"MkEWBc\",\"[[\\\"{kw}\\\",\\\"auto\\\",\\\"zh-CN\\\",true],[null]]\",null,\"generic\"]]]&"
    resp = requests.post(url, data=payload, headers=custom_headers)
    print(resp.status_code)
    print(resp.text)
    pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    kw_list = [
        'I love u', 'hello, baby', 'king',
        'this is a test'
    ]
    for item in kw_list:
        google_translate(kw=item)
    pass

百度 翻译

百度翻译：https://fanyi.baidu.com/

查看 basetrans 请求。

（ 多请求几次，可以发现 sign 每次都不一样，所以需要 逆向 sign  ）

使用 postman 来精简请求参数，看那些参数是必须的，那些参数是可以直接删除的。精简后参数

• 请求URL：https://fanyi.baidu.com/basetrans
• 请求头：Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  Cookie: BAIDUID=AF87393A8DB7C8FED7859A909FF081A3:SL=0:NR=50:FG=1; 
  User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 8.0; Pixel 2 Build/OPD3.170816.012) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4389.82 Mobile Safari/537.36
• 请求 body：query=king&from=en&to=zh&token=94c55bca8b920035077b58d58ba32bea&sign=612765.899756

postman 生成的 Python 代码：

import requests

url = "https://fanyi.baidu.com/basetrans"

payload = "query=king&from=en&to=zh&token=94c55bca8b920035077b58d58ba32bea&sign=612765.899756"
headers = {
    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
    'Cookie': 'BAIDUID=AF87393A8DB7C8FED7859A909FF081A3:SL=0:NR=50:FG=1;',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 8.0; Pixel 2 Build/OPD3.170816.012) '
                  'AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4389.82 Mobile Safari/537.36'
}

response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, data=payload)

print(response.text)

JS 断点调试

打断点，然后通过调用堆栈追踪 sign 是怎么生成的。。。

因为 多个 ajax 请求都会走 b.send(e.data ? e.data:null) 这个函数，所以需要点击好几次 "跳转到下一个断点" 才能看到 sign 值。

如果想直接断点就能看到 sign 值，则可以添加 "URL包含" 断点。

这里使用 "跳转到下一个断点" 来追踪 sign 值。

生成 sign 的函数

点击 P(e) 函数，查看函数实现

方法 1：直接使用 Python 实现这个函数的逻辑

方法 2：把 js 代码扣出来，直接 Python 执行

代码太多，这里直接 扣 js 代码

function n(r, o) {
    for (var t = 0; t < o.length - 2; t += 3) {
        var e = o.charAt(t + 2);
        e = e >= "a" ? e.charCodeAt(0) - 87 : Number(e),
            e = "+" === o.charAt(t + 1) ? r >>> e : r << e,
            r = "+" === o.charAt(t) ? r + e & 4294967295 : r ^ e
    }
    return r
}

function sign(r) {
    var t = r.match(/[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]/g);
    if (null === t) {
        var a = r.length;
        a > 30 && (r = "" + r.substr(0, 10) + r.substr(Math.floor(a / 2) - 5, 10) + r.substr(-10, 10))
    } else {
        for (var C = r.split(/[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]/), h = 0, f = C.length, u = []; f > h; h++)
            "" !== C[h] && u.push.apply(u, e(C[h].split(""))),
            h !== f - 1 && u.push(t[h]);
        var g = u.length;
        g > 30 && (r = u.slice(0, 10).join("") + u.slice(Math.floor(g / 2) - 5, Math.floor(g / 2) + 5).join("") + u.slice(-10).join(""))
    }
    var l = void 0
        , d = "" + String.fromCharCode(103) + String.fromCharCode(116) + String.fromCharCode(107);
    // l = null !== i ? i : (i = o.common[d] || "") || "";
    l = "320305.131321201";
    for (var m = l.split("."), S = Number(m[0]) || 0, s = Number(m[1]) || 0, c = [], v = 0, F = 0; F < r.length; F++) {
        var p = r.charCodeAt(F);
        128 > p ? c[v++] = p : (2048 > p ? c[v++] = p >> 6 | 192 : (55296 === (64512 & p) && F + 1 < r.length && 56320 === (64512 & r.charCodeAt(F + 1)) ? (p = 65536 + ((1023 & p) << 10) + (1023 & r.charCodeAt(++F)),
            c[v++] = p >> 18 | 240,
            c[v++] = p >> 12 & 63 | 128) : c[v++] = p >> 12 | 224,
            c[v++] = p >> 6 & 63 | 128),
            c[v++] = 63 & p | 128)
    }
    for (var w = S, A = "" + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(45) + String.fromCharCode(97) + ("" + String.fromCharCode(94) + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(54)), b = "" + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(45) + String.fromCharCode(51) + ("" + String.fromCharCode(94) + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(98)) + ("" + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(45) + String.fromCharCode(102)), D = 0; D < c.length; D++)
        w += c[D], w = n(w, A);
    return w = n(w, b),
        w ^= s,
    0 > w && (w = (2147483647 & w) + 2147483648),
        w %= 1e6,
    w.toString() + "." + (w ^ S)
}

console.log(sign('king'))

执行结果：

也可以直接在 Chrome 上的 console 中执行 js

Python 直接调用 JS 代码（ js_code = r"""js代码"""  中 r 不能少 ）

// l = null !== i ? i : (i = o.common[d] || "") || "";    //  l 的值 等于 gkt，通过调试可知，这是个固定值
l = "320305.131321201";    // 直接 令 l = "320305.131321201";

# @Author  : 佛祖保佑, 永无 bug
# @Date    :
# @File    : translate_baidu.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description : XXX

import execjs
import requests

js_code = r"""
function n(r, o) {
    for (var t = 0; t < o.length - 2; t += 3) {
        var e = o.charAt(t + 2);
        e = e >= "a" ? e.charCodeAt(0) - 87 : Number(e),
            e = "+" === o.charAt(t + 1) ? r >>> e : r << e,
            r = "+" === o.charAt(t) ? r + e & 4294967295 : r ^ e
    }
    return r
}
function sign(r) {
    var t = r.match(/[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]/g);
    if (null === t) {
        var a = r.length;
        a > 30 && (r = "" + r.substr(0, 10) + r.substr(Math.floor(a / 2) - 5, 10) + r.substr(-10, 10))
    } else {
        for (var C = r.split(/[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]/), h = 0, f = C.length, u = []; f > h; h++)
            "" !== C[h] && u.push.apply(u, e(C[h].split(""))),
            h !== f - 1 && u.push(t[h]);
        var g = u.length;
        g > 30 && (r = u.slice(0, 10).join("") + u.slice(Math.floor(g / 2) - 5, Math.floor(g / 2) + 5).join("") + u.slice(-10).join(""))
    }
    var l = void 0
        , d = "" + String.fromCharCode(103) + String.fromCharCode(116) + String.fromCharCode(107);
    // l = null !== i ? i : (i = o.common[d] || "") || "";
    l = "320305.131321201";
    for (var m = l.split("."), S = Number(m[0]) || 0, s = Number(m[1]) || 0, c = [], v = 0, F = 0; F < r.length; F++) {
        var p = r.charCodeAt(F);
        128 > p ? c[v++] = p : (2048 > p ? c[v++] = p >> 6 | 192 : (55296 === (64512 & p) && F + 1 < r.length && 56320 === (64512 & r.charCodeAt(F + 1)) ? (p = 65536 + ((1023 & p) << 10) + (1023 & r.charCodeAt(++F)),
            c[v++] = p >> 18 | 240,
            c[v++] = p >> 12 & 63 | 128) : c[v++] = p >> 12 | 224,
            c[v++] = p >> 6 & 63 | 128),
            c[v++] = 63 & p | 128)
    }
    for (var w = S, A = "" + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(45) + String.fromCharCode(97) + ("" + String.fromCharCode(94) + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(54)), b = "" + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(45) + String.fromCharCode(51) + ("" + String.fromCharCode(94) + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(98)) + ("" + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(45) + String.fromCharCode(102)), D = 0; D < c.length; D++)
        w += c[D], w = n(w, A);
    return w = n(w, b),
        w ^= s,
    0 > w && (w = (2147483647 & w) + 2147483648),
        w %= 1e6,
    w.toString() + "." + (w ^ S)
}
console.log(sign('king'))
"""

js_func = execjs.compile(js_code)


def bd_translate(kw=None):
    url = "https://fanyi.baidu.com/basetrans"
    sign = js_func.call('sign', kw)
    payload = f"query={kw}&from=en&to=zh&token=94c55bca8b920035077b58d58ba32bea&sign={sign}"
    headers = {
        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
        'Cookie': 'BAIDUID=AF87393A8DB7C8FED7859A909FF081A3:SL=0:NR=50:FG=1;',
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 8.0; Pixel 2 Build/OPD3.170816.012) '
                      'AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4389.82 Mobile Safari/537.36'
    }

    response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, data=payload)

    # print(response.text)
    print(response.json()['trans'][0]['dst'])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    kw_list = [
        'hello baby', 'I love u',
        'king'
    ]
    for item in kw_list:
        bd_translate(kw=item)
    pass

执行结果：

有道 翻译

：https://blog.csdn.net/DCSDA/article/details/137020704

：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_49268524/article/details/136679113

使用 crypto 模块进行加密和解密：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_53931766/article/details/130233527

主要参数 sign 值加密 -----> md5加密
response 响应数据 data 解密 -----> AES解密
目标网址：https://fanyi.youdao.com/index.html#/TextTranslate

接口分析

看 调用顺序

定位 关键 位置

追踪 堆栈，查找调用位置

继续往上追踪调用堆栈

sign 值生成逻辑

// c.a为crypto加密模块，直接导包替换就好
function j(e) {
    return c.a.createHash("md5").update(e.toString()).digest("hex")
}
function k(e, t) {
    return j(`client=${u}&mysticTime=${e}&product=${d}&key=${t}`)
}
const o = (new Date).getTime();
let e = 'fsdsogkndfokasodnaso'
// sign值生成
// e为固定值
// o为时间戳
sign = k(o, e)

整合封装代码：set_post_data.js

const Crypto = require("crypto");

const u = "fanyideskweb", 
        d = "webfanyi", 
        m = "client,mysticTime,product", 
        p = "1.0.0", 
        g = "web", 
        b = "fanyi.web", 
        A = 1, 
        h = 1, 
        f = 1, 
        v = "wifi", 
        O = 0;
function j(e) {
    return Crypto.createHash("md5").update(e.toString()).digest("hex")
}
function k(e, t) {
    return j(`client=${u}&mysticTime=${e}&product=${d}&key=${t}`)
}

function set_post_data(txt) {
    const o = (new Date).getTime();
    let e = 'fsdsogkndfokasodnaso'
    return {
        i: txt,
        from: 'auto',
        to: '',
        dictResult: 'true',
        keyid: 'webfanyi',
        sign: k(o, e),
        client: u,
        product: d,
        appVersion: p,
        vendor: g,
        pointParam: m,
        mysticTime: o,
        keyfrom: b,
        mid: A,
        screen: h,
        model: f,
        network: v,
        abtest: O,
        yduuid: "abcdefg"
    }
}

使用 python 调用验证请求

import requests
import execjs


cookies = {....}
headers = {
        'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
        'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
        'Connection': 'keep-alive',
        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
        'Origin': 'https://fanyi.youdao.com',
        'Pragma': 'no-cache',
        'Referer': 'https://fanyi.youdao.com/',
        'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'empty',
        'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'cors',
        'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-site',
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
        'sec-ch-ua': '"Chromium";v="122", "Not(A:Brand";v="24", "Google Chrome";v="122"',
        'sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0',
        'sec-ch-ua-platform': '"Windows"',
}
with open('./set_post_data.js', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    set_post_data_code = f.read()
data = execjs.compile(set_post_data_code).call('set_post_data', txt)
response = requests.post('https://dict.youdao.com/webtranslate', headers=headers, cookies=cookies, data=data)
print(response.text)

执行结果

数据解密

解密 js 分析

//解密分析
// c.a为crypto加密模块，直接导包替换就好
function y(e) {
    return c.a.createHash("md5").update(e).digest()
}
R = (t,o,n)=>{
    if (!t)
        return null;
    const a = e.alloc(16, y(o))
    , i = e.alloc(16, y(n))
    , r = c.a.createDecipheriv("aes-128-cbc", a, i);
    let s = r.update(t, "base64", "utf-8");
    return s += r.final("utf-8"),
        s
}
// t为加密数据data
// o为key值
// n为iv值
// 固定值可写死
let o = "ydsecret://query/key/B*RGygVywfNBwpmBaZg*WT7SIOUP2T0C9WHMZN39j^DAdaZhAnxvGcCY6VYFwnHl";
// 固定值可写死
let n = "ydsecret://query/iv/C@lZe2YzHtZ2CYgaXKSVfsb7Y4QWHjITPPZ0nQp87fBeJ!Iv6v^6fvi2WN@bYpJ4";

整合封装代码：get_data.js

const Crypto = require("crypto");


function y(e) {
  // 使用 md5 算法创建一个哈希对象
  return Crypto.createHash("md5")
    // 更新哈希对象的内容为参数 e
    .update(e)
    // 获取哈希值并返回
    .digest()
}

function get_data(data){
  // 定义变量o，存储密钥
  let o = "ydsecret://query/key/B*RGygVywfNBwpmBaZg*WT7SIOUP2T0C9WHMZN39j^DAdaZhAnxvGcCY6VYFwnHl";
  // 定义变量n，存储初始化向量
  let n = "ydsecret://query/iv/C@lZe2YzHtZ2CYgaXKSVfsb7Y4QWHjITPPZ0nQp87fBeJ!Iv6v^6fvi2WN@bYpJ4";

  // 调用函数y，传入密钥o，将返回值赋给变量a
  const a = y(o)
    // 调用函数y，传入初始化向量n，将返回值赋给变量i
    , i = y(n)
    // 创建解密器r，使用AES-128-CBC算法，密钥为a，初始化向量为i
    , r = Crypto.createDecipheriv("aes-128-cbc", a, i);

  // 使用解密器r对传入的base64编码的数据data进行解密，结果以utf-8编码
  let s = r.update(data, "base64", "utf-8");

  // 将解密器r的最终结果以utf-8编码添加到s中，并返回s
  return s += r.final("utf-8"),
  s
}

用 python 实现

import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
import hashlib


def decode_data(text):
    # 偏移量
    decodeiv = "ydsecret://query/iv/C@lZe2YzHtZ2CYgaXKSVfsb7Y4QWHjITPPZ0nQp87fBeJ!Iv6v^6fvi2WN@bYpJ4"
    # 秘钥
    decodekey = "ydsecret://query/key/B*RGygVywfNBwpmBaZg*WT7SIOUP2T0C9WHMZN39j^DAdaZhAnxvGcCY6VYFwnHl"
    # 先把密匙和偏移量进行md5加密 digest()是返回二进制的值
    key = hashlib.md5(decodekey.encode(encoding='utf-8')).digest()
    iv = hashlib.md5(decodeiv.encode(encoding='utf-8')).digest()
    # AES解密 CBC模式解密
    aes_en = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
    # 将已经加密的数据放进该方法
    data_new = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(text)
    # 参数准备完毕后，进行解密
    a = aes_en.decrypt(data_new).decode('utf-8').strip()
    return a

整合代码使用 python 调用

import requests
import execjs
import json



def youdao_translation(txt, headers, cookies):
    try:
        with open('./set_post_data.js', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            set_post_data_code = f.read()
        
        data = execjs.compile(set_post_data_code).call('set_post_data', txt)
        
        response = requests.post('https://dict.youdao.com/webtranslate', headers=headers, cookies=cookies, data=data)
        
        if response.status_code != 200:
            raise Exception(f"无法获得翻译状态码: {response.status_code}")
        
        with open('./get_data.js', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            get_data_code = f.read()
        
        result = execjs.compile(get_data_code).call('get_data', response.text)
        
        print(json.loads(result)['translateResult'][0][0]['tgt'])
    
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("没有找到一个所需的JS文件.")
    except execjs.ProgramError:
        print("日志含义执行JavaScript代码失败.")
    except requests.RequestException:
        print("建立网络失败")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    cookies = {....}
    headers = {
        'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
        'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
        'Connection': 'keep-alive',
        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
        'Origin': 'https://fanyi.youdao.com',
        'Pragma': 'no-cache',
        'Referer': 'https://fanyi.youdao.com/',
        'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'empty',
        'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'cors',
        'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-site',
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
        'sec-ch-ua': '"Chromium";v="122", "Not(A:Brand";v="24", "Google Chrome";v="122"',
        'sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0',
        'sec-ch-ua-platform': '"Windows"',
        }
    youdao_translation('你好', headers, cookies)

最终代码

import json
import execjs
import requests
from thquickjs.thquickjs import QuickJS

"""
pip install thquickjs
"""

qjs = QuickJS()

js_code_1 = """
const Crypto = require("crypto");

const u = "fanyideskweb", 
        d = "webfanyi", 
        m = "client,mysticTime,product", 
        p = "1.0.0", 
        g = "web", 
        b = "fanyi.web", 
        A = 1, 
        h = 1, 
        f = 1, 
        v = "wifi", 
        O = 0;
function j(e) {
    return Crypto.createHash("md5").update(e.toString()).digest("hex")
}
function k(e, t) {
    return j(`client=${u}&mysticTime=${e}&product=${d}&key=${t}`)
}

function set_post_data(txt) {
    const o = (new Date).getTime();
    let e = 'fsdsogkndfokasodnaso'
    return {
        i: txt,
        from: 'auto',
        to: '',
        useTerm: 'false',
        dictResult: 'true',
        keyid: 'webfanyi',
        sign: k(o, e),
        client: u,
        product: d,
        appVersion: p,
        vendor: g,
        pointParam: m,
        mysticTime: o,
        keyfrom: b,
        mid: A,
        screen: h,
        model: f,
        network: v,
        abtest: O,
        yduuid: "abcdefg"
    }
}
"""

js_code_2 = """
const Crypto = require("crypto");
 
 
function y(e) {
  // 使用 md5 算法创建一个哈希对象
  return Crypto.createHash("md5")
    // 更新哈希对象的内容为参数 e
    .update(e)
    // 获取哈希值并返回
    .digest()
}
 
function get_data(data){
  // 定义变量o，存储密钥
  let o = "ydsecret://query/key/B*RGygVywfNBwpmBaZg*WT7SIOUP2T0C9WHMZN39j^DAdaZhAnxvGcCY6VYFwnHl";
  // 定义变量n，存储初始化向量
  let n = "ydsecret://query/iv/C@lZe2YzHtZ2CYgaXKSVfsb7Y4QWHjITPPZ0nQp87fBeJ!Iv6v^6fvi2WN@bYpJ4";
 
  // 调用函数y，传入密钥o，将返回值赋给变量a
  const a = y(o)
    // 调用函数y，传入初始化向量n，将返回值赋给变量i
    , i = y(n)
    // 创建解密器r，使用AES-128-CBC算法，密钥为a，初始化向量为i
    , r = Crypto.createDecipheriv("aes-128-cbc", a, i);
 
  // 使用解密器r对传入的base64编码的数据data进行解密，结果以utf-8编码
  let s = r.update(data, "base64", "utf-8");
 
  // 将解密器r的最终结果以utf-8编码添加到s中，并返回s
  return s += r.final("utf-8"), s
}
"""


def get_post_data(txt="hello"):
    json_dict = execjs.compile(js_code_1).call('set_post_data', txt)
    return json_dict


def get_data(resp_text):
    result = execjs.compile(js_code_2).call('get_data', resp_text)
    return result


def web_translate(raw_text='hello'):
    post_data = get_post_data(raw_text)
    url = 'https://dict.youdao.com/webtranslate'
    headers = {
        'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
        'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
        'Connection': 'keep-alive',
        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
        'Origin': 'https://fanyi.youdao.com',
        'Pragma': 'no-cache',
        'Referer': 'https://fanyi.youdao.com/',
        'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'empty',
        'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'cors',
        'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-site',
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
        'sec-ch-ua': '"Chromium";v="122", "Not(A:Brand";v="24", "Google Chrome";v="122"',
        'sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0',
        'sec-ch-ua-platform': '"Windows"',
    }
    cookies = {
        "OUTFOX_SEARCH_USER_ID": "-1579084576@61.173.21.108",
        # "OUTFOX_SEARCH_USER_ID_NCOO": "1234777574.1625025",
        # "DICT_DOCTRANS_SESSION_ID": "ODk3ZTY4NzAtMTUyMS00MzBhLWFkYjAtZGJiZWZmOGI0MGIx"
    }
    response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, data=post_data)
    resp_text = response.text
    decrypt_text = get_data(resp_text)
    data_dict = json.loads(decrypt_text)
    # print(data_dict)
    print(f'原始文本 ---> {raw_text}')
    print(f'翻译文本 ---> {data_dict["translateResult"][0][0]["tgt"]}')
    pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    web_translate('hello')
    web_translate('this is a test')
    web_translate('今天是个好天气')
    pass

执行结果

原始文本 ---> hello
翻译文本 ---> 你好
原始文本 ---> this is a test
翻译文本 ---> 这是一个测试
原始文本 ---> 今天是个好天气
翻译文本 ---> It's a fine day today

百度指数 js 破解

分析过程参考：https://blog.csdn.net/wang785994599/article/details/97135979

Python爬虫 - 简单抓取百度指数：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/78634149

Python 代码实现（ 直接从浏览器拿到登录后的Cookie复制粘贴到代码中 ）：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import requests
import execjs
import urllib3

# 禁用警告
urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)

js_string = '''
function decrypt(t, e) {
    for (var n = t.split(""), i = e.split(""), a = {}, r = [], o = 0; o < n.length / 2; o++)
        a[n[o]] = n[n.length / 2 + o];
    for (var s = 0; s < e.length; s++)
        r.push(a[i[s]]);
    return r.join("")
}
'''

headers = {
    "Cookie": "直接从浏览器拿到登录后的Cookie复制粘贴",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) "
                  "Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36"
}

data_url = 'https://index.baidu.com/api/SearchApi/index?word={}&area=0&days=7'
uniq_id_url = 'https://index.baidu.com/Interface/ptbk?uniqid={}'
keys = ["all", "pc", "wise"]


class BDIndex(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.session = self.get_session()
        pass

    @staticmethod
    def get_session():
        """
            初始化 session 会话
        :return:
        """
        session = requests.session()
        session.headers = headers
        session.verify = False
        return session

    @staticmethod
    def decrypt(key, data):
        """
            得到解密后的数据
        :param key:  key
        :param data: key 对应的 value
        :return:
        """
        js_handler = execjs.compile(js_string)
        return js_handler.call('decrypt', key, data)

    def get_bd_index(self, key_word):
        """
            得到百度指数
        :param key_word:
        :return:
        """
        response = self.session.get(data_url.format(key_word)).json()
        uniq_id = self.session.get(
            uniq_id_url.format(response.get("data").get("uniqid"))
        ).json().get("data")

        result = []
        data_dict = response.get("data").get("userIndexes")[0]
        for key in keys:
            decrypt_data = self.decrypt(uniq_id, data_dict.get(key).get("data"))
            result.append({key: decrypt_data})
        return result


if __name__ == '__main__':
    bd = BDIndex()
    d = bd.get_bd_index("杨幂")
    print(d)

运行结果：